Mechanisms 340 items
Apo(a) and plasminogen homology, oxidised phospholipids, arterial wall inflammation and primed monocytes, plaque vulnerability, thrombosis: how the particle does its damage, largely from Dutch and Californian laboratories.
Studies
- OCEAN(a)-DOSE: olpasiran lowers Lp(a) by more than 95 percent in patients with ASCVD (O'Donoghue et al., NEJM 2022)
- ALPACA: lepodisiran 400 mg lowers Lp(a) by 94 percent from day 60 to 180, and by 95 percent over a year with a second dose (Nissen et al., NEJM 2025)
- The apo(a) gene accounts for more than 90 percent of the variation in plasma Lp(a) (Boerwinkle et al., JCI 1992)
- Apo(a) is homologous to plasminogen: the cDNA sequence (McLean et al., Nature 1987)
- Lp(a) is about six times more atherogenic than LDL per particle: apoB-based Mendelian randomisation (Björnson et al., JACC 2024)
- Lp(a) and oxidised phospholipids drive valve calcification activity and progression in aortic stenosis (Zheng et al., JACC 2019)
- Oxidised phospholipids on Lp(a) drive arterial wall inflammation and a primed monocyte response (van der Valk et al., Circulation 2016)
- Berg describes the Lp system, the first report of lipoprotein(a) (1963)
- High Lp(a) accelerates low-attenuation (necrotic core) plaque progression on serial CT angiography (Kaiser et al., JACC 2022)
- Potent Lp(a) lowering with apo(a) antisense reduces pro-inflammatory activation of monocytes (Stiekema et al., EHJ 2020)
- Arterial wall inflammation persists in high-Lp(a) patients despite 60 percent LDL-C lowering with evolocumab (Stiekema et al., EHJ 2019)
- Oxidised phospholipids as a unifying theory for Lp(a) in ASCVD and aortic valve disease (Boffa and Koschinsky, Nat Rev Cardiol 2019)
- Lp(a) as a cause of cardiovascular disease: epidemiology, genetics and biology (Nordestgaard and Langsted, J Lipid Res 2016)
- Lipoprotein(a): resurrected by genetics (Kronenberg and Utermann, J Intern Med 2013)
- The mysteries of lipoprotein(a) (Utermann, Science 1989)
- Oxidised phospholipids on apoB predict MACE after ACS and alirocumab abolishes the relation: ODYSSEY OUTCOMES (Tsimikas et al., Circulation 2025)
- Lp(a) and interleukin-6 are independent, additive predictors of coronary events: MESA and UK Biobank (Bhatia et al., JACC 2025)
- Lp(a) tracks focal vulnerable plaques, LDL-C tracks pancoronary plaque burden: PROSPECT II (Erlinge et al., JACC 2025)
- Olpasiran lowers oxidised phospholipids on apoB by about 90 percent without moving hs-CRP or IL-6: OCEAN(a)-DOSE (Rosenson et al., JAMA Cardiol 2025)
- Zerlasiran single and multiple doses in ASCVD patients: Lp(a) down 90 percent at 201 days after two doses (Nissen et al., JAMA 2024)
- Lp(a) is associated with the onset but not the progression of aortic valve calcification: the Rotterdam Study (Kaiser et al., EHJ 2022)
- Lp(a) genetics beyond the kringle IV repeat (Coassin and Kronenberg, Atherosclerosis 2022)
- Lp(a) as a pharmacological target: premises, promises and prospects (Greco et al., Circulation 2025)
- Lp(a) and oxidised phospholipids track myocardial inflammation after heart attack in a PCSK9-inhibitor trial (Nat Cardiovasc Res 2026)
- An Lp(a)-linked proteomic signature predicts cardiovascular disease beyond Lp(a) alone in young adults, CARDIA study of 3,920 with UK Biobank replication (J Clin Invest 2026)
- High-risk Lp(a) accelerates coronary plaque progression across CCTA, IVUS and OCT, meta-analysis of 19,822 (Atherosclerosis 2026)
- Proteomic screen of 48,859 UK Biobank participants finds ITIH3 and CBLN4 as a non-heritable Lp(a) axis linked to atherosclerotic events (medRxiv preprint 2025)
- Genetically elevated Lp(a) dysregulates vascular redox signalling via eNOS uncoupling and predicts cardiac mortality in advanced coronary disease (Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2026)
- EPA uniquely blocks Lp(a)'s faster oxidation compared with other ApoB particles, mechanistic study by Libby and Bhatt's group finds (Cardiovasc Res 2025)
- Lp(a) activates monocytes via TLR2 and NF-kB to drive tissue factor expression, the first mechanistic link between Lp(a) and immunothrombosis, systems-biology study finds (J Lipid Res 2025)
- A genome-scale CRISPR screen identifies the LDL receptor, not a disputed alternative, as the key hepatocyte gateway for Lp(a) uptake (Atherosclerosis 2025)
- PACMAN-AMI substudy shows high baseline Lp(a) blunts plaque lipid-core regression despite alirocumab plus high-intensity statins (Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2024)
- Amsterdam UMC's decade-long serial CT scans show high Lp(a) drives more plaque, more low-density plaque and more pericoronary inflammation (JAMA Cardiol 2024)
- Tsimikas marks Lp(a)'s 61st birthday with an ATVB Centennial essay on six decades of discovery and three ongoing outcome trials (Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024)
- Low-attenuation coronary plaque mediates 73.3% of Lp(a)'s effect on future heart attack risk in a validated 6,729-patient study (J Am Coll Cardiol 2024)
- Nature paper unveils muvalaplin, an oral small molecule that blocks the very first step of Lp(a) particle assembly (Nature 2024)
- MFSD5 identified as a receptor mediating lipoprotein(a) uptake and calcification in heart valve cells, with variants linked to aortic stenosis (Circulation 2024)
- Nature Reviews Cardiology essay revisits how Lp(a) affects platelets, and why the ASPREE trial found aspirin helped genetically high-Lp(a) individuals most (Nat Rev Cardiol 2024)
- APOE genotype e4/e4 carriers have 65% higher Lp(a) than e2/e2 carriers, an analysis of 431 239 patients (Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017)
- Elevated Lp(a) and oxidized phospholipids predict faster aortic stenosis progression and need for valve replacement, an ASTRONOMER substudy of 220 patients (J Am Coll Cardiol 2015)
- Autotaxin carried by Lp(a) drives aortic valve mineralization, raising valve autotaxin activity by 60% in diseased valves, a mechanistic study (Circulation 2015)
- Oxidized phospholipids potentiate Lp(a) coronary risk two-fold when combined with high phospholipase A2 activity, an EPIC-Norfolk study of 763 cases and 1397 controls (J Am Coll Cardiol 2010)
- Mipomersen cuts Lp(a) by about 75% in transgenic mice, an early study establishing the antisense drug's mechanism (Circulation 2008)
- Oxidized phospholipids on Lp(a) predict 10-year cardiovascular events, amplified by a related enzyme activity, the Bruneck study of 765 people (Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2007)
- High Lp(a) causes concentration-dependent overestimation of standard LDL-C assays, 1,560-sample methodology study (J Lipid Res 2026)
- Lp(a) uniquely predicts low-density noncalcified plaque beyond CAC and hsCRP, CCTA cohort of 547 (Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2026)
- Elevated Lp(a) predicts high-risk plaque features but not calcified volume, CCTA study of 3,642 individual plaques (Eur J Prev Cardiol 2026)
- Lp(a) shifts across pregnancy and menopause and demands sex-specific attention, review of women's cardiovascular health (JACC Adv 2026)
- Cholesterol content per Lp(a) particle rises with larger apo(a) isoform size, direct-assay study of 94 (J Lipid Res 2026)
- Lp(a) drives adverse cardiac remodeling only in Hispanic adults, MESA cohort of 2,366 (Circ Popul Health Outcomes 2026)
- New assay reveals Lp(a) particles are 4-fold richer in triglycerides in hypertriglyceridemia, method study of 150 (J Lipid Res 2026)
- Genetic evidence suggests fatty liver damage lowers Lp(a), not the reverse, while combined high Lp(a) and liver stiffness sharpen carotid plaque risk (Cardiovasc Diabetol 2025)
- Elevated Lp(a) is linked to fewer vascular repair progenitor cells and more inflammatory monocytes, CardioLink-16 translational study finds (Cardiovasc Res 2025)
- Lp(a) as a shared driver of atherosclerosis, aortic stenosis and abdominal aortic aneurysm, with lowering therapies now in outcomes trials (Annu Rev Med 2026)
- Lp(a) is procoagulant, not antifibrinolytic, in whole particle form, mechanistic clot study (J Thromb Haemost 2026)
- Lp(a) drives coronary artery spasm through a CD36-RhoA-IL-6 inflammatory pathway that a natural biflavonoid can block, mechanistic study finds (Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2025)
- Certain SSRIs boost Lp(a) uptake into cells via serotonin and a plasminogen receptor, raising the prospect of repurposing them as Lp(a)-lowering drugs (J Lipid Res 2025)
- Lp(a) above 50 mg/dL nearly doubles calcific aortic valve disease risk, and lab work shows it disrupts TGF-beta signalling to trigger valve cell transition, meta-analysis and mechanistic study finds (Eur J Med Res 2025)
- Lp(a)'s link to venous thromboembolism stays unsettled even as new agents cut Lp(a) by up to 98%, review by a KOL-heavy author group finds (Thromb Haemost 2025)
- Lp(a) is as potent a driver of peripheral artery disease as of coronary disease, but its mechanism may differ above versus below the knee, Koschinsky and Boffa argue (Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2025)
- Beyond oxidised phospholipids: diacylglycerols, a novel endothelial receptor and accelerated coagulation emerge as new Lp(a) cellular targets, Koschinsky group review finds (Curr Opin Lipidol 2025)
- Elevated Lp(a) causes more diffuse coronary flow limitation, PIONEER IV substudy of 150 matched patients (Cardiovasc Revasc Med 2026)
- Low Lp(a) aids clot dissolution but oxidised Lp(a) blocks it, a biphasic effect mechanistic study finds, explaining Lp(a)'s prothrombotic potential (J Lipid Atheroscler 2025)
- Mendelian randomization finds Lp(a) causally raises depression risk, while depression and bipolar disorder causally lower Lp(a), a bidirectional relationship (J Affect Disord 2025)
- NIRS imaging in the REASSURE registry shows combined LDL-C and Lp(a) control cuts high-risk lipid-core plaque by about 70% (J Clin Lipidol 2025)
- Meta-analysis of 27 RCTs finds lower saturated-fat diets modestly raise Lp(a), especially when SFA is swapped for carbs or trans fats (Am J Clin Nutr 2024)
- Miami Heart Study finds elevated Lp(a) predicts coronary plaque even in 1,200 asymptomatic adults with a zero calcium score (Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2024)
- CASABLANCA study finds Lp(a) above 150 nmol/L nearly doubles the risk of stage A/B heart failure progressing to symptomatic disease (J Am Heart Assoc 2024)
- Genome-scale CRISPR screen resolves a long-standing controversy: the LDL receptor, not a dedicated protein, is the main gateway for Lp(a) uptake (bioRxiv 2024)
- Lp(a) at or above 30 mg/dL plus carotid plaque together carry a 4.18-fold ASCVD risk over 11.5 years in 5,471 participants (J Am Heart Assoc 2024)
- In 10,435 PCI patients, Lp(a)'s cardiovascular risk sharpens as kidney function worsens and nearly vanishes with normal kidneys (Clin Kidney J 2024)
- Amsterdam UMC team finds Lp(a)-carried diacylglycerols drive monocyte inflammation via NLRP3, and pelacarsen lowers these specific lipids (Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024)
- Elevated Lp(a) is linked to subclinical myocardial fibrosis and left atrial remodelling in 2,826 MESA participants (J Am Coll Cardiol 2023)
- Elevated Lp(a) is associated with both the prevalence and progression of coronary artery calcification, a meta-analysis of 40,073 individuals (Atherosclerosis 2024)
- Lp(a) and its oxidised phospholipids predict multivessel coronary disease and cardiovascular events in 1,098 patients undergoing angiography, the CASABLANCA study (J Am Coll Cardiol 2023)
- PCSK9 inhibition Lp(a)-lowering effect explains under 4% of its coronary disease benefit, a Mendelian randomisation study of 310,020 UK Biobank participants (Atherosclerosis 2022)
- Effects of Randomized Treatment With Icosapent Ethyl and a Mineral Oil Comparator on Interleukin-1β, Interleukin-6, C-Reactive Protein, Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, Homocysteine, Lipoprotein(a), and Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2: A REDUCE-IT Biomarker Substudy
- Lp(a) above 60 mg/dL is linked to greater coronary plaque volume on IVUS, a pooled analysis of 3,943 patients across 6 trials (J Am Heart Assoc 2020)
- Low Lp(a) combined with high insulin resistance nearly doubles fatty liver disease risk, in 22,534 Korean adults (Atherosclerosis 2020)
- Alirocumab LDL-C and Lp(a)-lowering effects are discordant in 21.5% of patients, suggesting separate clearance pathways, a pooled analysis of 1,709 patients across 10 ODYSSEY phase 3 trials (Eur J Prev Cardiol 2021)
- VLDL-apoE production may drive Lp(a) synthesis, a kinetic study of PCSK9 mutation carriers and niacin-treated patients (Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020)
- Antisense oligonucleotide cuts Lp(a) by 69%, but does not affect fibrinolysis, a placebo-controlled trial of 17 patients (J Lipid Res 2019)
- Six commercial Lp(a) immunoassays diverge from a reference standard by -8% to +22%, a comparison of 144 samples (Atherosclerosis 2019)
- Starting statins raises Lp(a) only in patients with the low molecular weight apo(a) phenotype, a study of 81 patients (Atherosclerosis 2019)
- About one-third of aortic stenosis cases are linked to high Lp(a) and oxidized phospholipids, a review of emerging Lp(a)-targeted therapies (Circ Res 2019)
- Mipomersen lowers Lp(a) mainly by speeding its clearance, not by reducing production, a kinetic study of 14 healthy volunteers (J Lipid Res 2018)
- Evolocumab lowers Lp(a) by cutting production alone, but by speeding clearance when combined with atorvastatin, a kinetic trial of 63 men (Eur Heart J 2018)
- Lp(a) concentration, not apo(a) isoform size, predicts angiographic coronary disease severity in 263 men (Atherosclerosis 2018)
- Lp(a) drives calcium deposition and oxidative stress in human aortic valve cells more than LDL does, a mechanistic study (Atherosclerosis 2018)
- Elevated Lp(a) and LDL together predict the most severe coronary lesions in young patients with premature coronary disease, a study of 147 patients (J Clin Lipidol 2018)
- CETP inhibitor anacetrapib lowers Lp(a) by cutting its production 41%, a kinetic trial of 39 patients (Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017)
- Statins may worsen aortic stenosis by raising Lp(a) and oxidized phospholipids, a review of Lp(a)-targeted therapy in calcific aortic valve disease (Curr Opin Cardiol 2016)
- High Lp(a) marks vulnerable, lipid-rich coronary plaques in acute coronary syndrome, an imaging study of 500 angiographic and 51 OCT patients (Atherosclerosis 2016)
- A common lab method for estimating Lp(a) cholesterol correlates poorly with actual Lp(a) mass, risking misclassified risk, a study of 552 patients (J Clin Lipidol 2016)
- Lp(a) oxidized phospholipids boost HDL production machinery by up to 3-fold in liver cells, a mechanistic study (J Lipid Res 2015)
- Tocilizumab blocks IL-6 to lower Lp(a) via a specific LPA gene promoter site, but TNF-alpha inhibition does not, a mechanistic study (J Lipid Res 2015)
- High familial Lp(a) impairs blood vessel function in children, an effect blunted by early dietary intervention, the Finnish STRIP study at age 11 (J Pediatr 2015)
- Oxidized phospholipids bind apo(a) via a specific kringle site unique to humans, explaining Lp(a) pro-atherogenic potential, a mechanistic study (J Lipid Res 2013)
- Scavenger receptor SR-BI is identified as a novel Lp(a) clearance receptor, a mechanistic study across transgenic and knockout mice (J Lipid Res 2013)
- Lp(a) assembles inside the cell from newly made LDL and apo(a), a stable-isotope kinetic study of 9 healthy people (Atherosclerosis 2012)
- A low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet raises Lp(a) alongside oxidized phospholipids and smaller LDL particles, a crossover trial of 63 healthy adults (J Lipid Res 2010)
- Lp(a) triples atherosclerotic plaque area in uremic mice, a transgenic mouse study of kidney disease and Lp(a) (J Lipid Res 2010)
- Lp(a) above 300 mg/L more than doubles the risk of retinal vein occlusion, an Italian case-control study of 262 patients and 262 controls (Atherosclerosis 2010)
- Adding a specific phospholipid to LDL blocks Lp(a) assembly and transiently lowers Lp(a) by 18.6% in mice, a mechanistic study (J Lipid Res 2009)
- Lp(a) predicts carotid stenosis and occlusion but not total plaque area, suggesting a thrombotic mechanism, a study of 876 patients (Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2008)
- Lp(a) carries over 85% of oxidized phospholipids in human plasma, a foundational mechanistic study (J Lipid Res 2008)
- Lp(a), not fibrinogen, independently predicts coronary plaque progression on serial imaging, a study of 60 left main coronary arteries (J Am Coll Cardiol 2006)
- The liver clears Lp(a) mainly via apo(a) itself, not the LDL receptor, taking up 34.6% of the dose in 24 hours, a mouse study (J Lipid Res 2005)
- A new mouse model reaches Lp(a) levels of 700 mg/dL, over 20 times the human risk threshold, revealing oxidized phospholipids unique to Lp(a) (J Lipid Res 2005)
- A synthetic peptide's arginine swap cuts the dose needed to block Lp(a) assembly eight-fold, a structural study (J Lipid Res 2004)
- Angioplasty acutely raises Lp(a) by 64% and oxidized phospholipids by 36%, a mechanistic study of 141 patients (Circulation 2004)
- Lp(a) impairs blood vessel function most strongly in African Americans, who have nearly 4 times higher levels than Caucasians, a multiethnic study of 89 people (J Am Coll Cardiol 2004)
- Swapping four lysines for serines in apoB impairs Lp(a) assembly in transgenic mice, a structural mechanistic study (J Lipid Res 2004)
- A synthetic apoB peptide blocks Lp(a) assembly far more effectively than a standard lysine analogue, a structural study (Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2003)
- High Lp(a) impairs new blood vessel growth after limb ischemia, but a growth-factor gene therapy restores it in mice (Circulation 2002)
- About half of Lp(a) apoB comes from pre-existing LDL, not fresh liver secretion, a kinetic study of 7 people (Atherosclerosis 2001)
- Falling triglycerides shift Lp(a) density in step with LDL, independent of apo(a) size, a study of 75 people (Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2001)
- Lp(a) above 450 mg/L predicts earlier restenosis after angioplasty, especially combined with anticardiolipin antibodies, a study of 167 patients (Atherosclerosis 2001)
- A new antibody detects oxidized Lp(a) specifically, revealing higher levels in hypertensive patients with complications, a Japanese study (Circulation 2000)
- Lp(a) ability to bind lysine varies because LDL and fibronectin mask its binding site, not because of the particle itself, a mechanistic study (J Lipid Res 2000)
- Rabbits lacking a functional LDL receptor accumulate over 4 times more Lp(a), a transgenic animal study (J Lipid Res 2000)
- Lp(a) combined with Chlamydia antibodies in immune complexes nearly quadruples heart attack risk, a Swedish study of 78 cases and 156 controls (Eur Heart J 2000)
- Lp(a) predicts prior heart attack in patients with coronary spasm, a Japanese study across three patient groups (J Am Coll Cardiol 2000)
- Nephrotic syndrome flares triple Lp(a) binding to fibrin, revealing a competitive tug-of-war with plasminogen, a study of 61 children (Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2000)
- Lp(a) and homocysteine each independently stiffen arteries in treated hypertension, 366-patient cross-sectional study (J Clin Med 2026)
- Lp(a) predicts post-stroke cognitive impairment independent of inflammation, 954-patient Chinese registry substudy (Transl Stroke Res 2026)
- Coronary imaging reveals how Lp(a) drives plaque burden and high-risk morphology, review (Curr Atheroscler Rep 2026)
- CKD enriches Lp(a) with triacylglycerols, diacylglycerols and oxidised phospholipids, 54-patient lipidomic study (J Clin Lipidol 2026)
- Lp(a) above 18.8 mg/dL independently predicts coronary plaque vulnerability on IVUS, 292-patient study (J Atheroscler Thromb 2026)
- Lp(a) is elevated across autoimmune diseases with limited evidence that anti-inflammatory therapy helps, systematic review of 13 studies (J Clin Lipidol 2026)
- Hyperacute-phase Lp(a) predicts intracoronary thrombus, stable-phase Lp(a) predicts layered plaque, OCT study of 142 (Coron Artery Dis 2026)
- Lp(a) drives coronary microvascular dysfunction via antifibrinolytic and oxidised-phospholipid pathways, review (Life Sci 2026)
- Cutting saturated fat reshapes the Lp(a) lipidome in African Americans, randomised trial of 166 (J Lipid Res 2026)
- PCSK9 inhibition leaves monocyte subsets unchanged but Lp(a) composition tracks inflammatory monocytes after MI (Atheroscler Plus 2026)
- Lp(a) falls 21% within weeks of kidney transplant, unrelated to autotaxin activity, Polish cohort of 55 (Int J Mol Sci 2026)
- Association of Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction with Lipoprotein (a) levels in Patients with Non-Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease
- Lipoprotein(a) levels in children with hypercholesterolemia
- Lp(a) and triglyceride-rich particles are several-fold more atherogenic than LDL per particle, review on combination therapy (Pharmacol Ther 2026)
- Lp(a) drives cardiomyocyte ferroptosis through a ROS-p38-p53-SLC7A11 pathway, in vitro and mouse study finds (Front Med (Lausanne) 2026)
- Lp(a) drives atherosclerosis through endothelial injury, inflammation and impaired fibrinolysis, review (Eur Cardiol 2026)
- Lp(a)-lowering agents could become the first pharmacological therapy for aortic valve stenosis, review argues (J Clin Med 2025)
- Lp(a) may be the mechanistic bridge between inflammation and excess cardiovascular risk in rheumatoid arthritis, review argues, with IL-6 blockade as a lever (J Clin Lipidol 2025)
- Lp(a) explains part of the residual vascular risk in diabetes, driving both macro- and microvascular damage, review argues (Int J Mol Sci 2025)
- Elevated Lp(a) predicts mechanical prosthetic heart valve thrombosis, with a threshold above 19.6 mg/dL flagging risk (J Artif Organs 2025)
- The Lp(a) paradox: high levels drive atherosclerosis but very low levels may raise type 2 diabetes risk, review argues for a risk-benefit reckoning (Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2025)
- When Lp(a) dominates a patient's atherogenic particle burden, multivessel coronary disease becomes more likely, 420-patient ACS study finds (Atherosclerosis 2025)
- From kringle IV type 2 copy number to arterial wall: the mechanistic biology of Lp(a) reviewed (Eur J Clin Invest 2026)
- Imaging confirms Lp(a) drives high-risk coronary plaque features, from lipid-rich cores to thin fibrous caps, review synthesises (Rev Cardiovasc Med 2025)
- Cutting dietary saturated fat raises Lp(a) levels and reshapes its lipid composition, not just its concentration, two DELTA feeding trials find (Nutrients 2025)
- Statins and ezetimibe raise oxidized phospholipids on Lp(a) even as PCSK9 inhibitors leave them unchanged, 70-patient study finds (Atheroscler Plus 2025)
- PCSK9 inhibitors curb endothelial inflammation triggered by Lp(a) itself, not just LDL, in coronary artery cell culture, mechanistic study finds (BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2025)
- A 'panvascular disease' framework unifies Lp(a)'s role across coronary, cerebral, peripheral and valvular atherosclerosis, review argues, with sex-specific risk patterns (Lipids Health Dis 2025)
- Cutting saturated fat raises Lp(a) even as it lowers LDL-C, a diet effect long assumed not to exist, updated review argues (Nutrients 2025)
- Lp(a) raises cardiovascular risk in diabetes yet paradoxically low Lp(a) predicts developing diabetes in the first place, review by Corral's group finds (Curr Opin Lipidol 2025)
- Serum Lp(a) is higher in rheumatic heart valve disease and tracks with mitral stenosis severity and valve involvement, 80-patient study finds a possible new link (Lipids 2025)
- First report links elevated Lp(a) to aortic root dilatation specifically in hypertensive patients, in 513 inpatients (Echocardiography 2025)
- IVUS study links elevated Lp(a) to more neoatherosclerosis and a 3.4-fold higher odds of stent edge restenosis after PCI (Int J Gen Med 2025)
- Amsterdam UMC study finds high Lp(a) raises monocyte inflammation genes but not chromatin accessibility, pointing to a non-epigenetic mechanism (J Clin Lipidol 2025)
- Apheresis cuts Lp(a) by 75% and the CETP inhibitor obicetrapib by 40%, but a 100 mg/dL reduction is needed to match LDL-C's mortality benefit, review calculates (Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2025)
- PPARgamma suppresses IL-6-driven Lp(a) production in liver cells, and the diabetes drug pioglitazone can trigger that suppression (J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2024)
- Lp(a) is elevated in people with HIV and inversely tracks with coronary endothelial function, a possible driver of HIV-associated cardiovascular risk (J Am Heart Assoc 2024)
- A single dose of lipid-nanoparticle-delivered TALEN mRNA cuts Lp(a) by over 80% for at least five weeks in transgenic mice (Mol Ther 2025)
- Boffa and Koschinsky review the biochemistry behind Lp(a)'s disease-causing potential as phase 3 outcome trials advance (Biochem J 2024)
- New "risk-weighted apoB" metric corrects for apoB underestimating risk when Lp(a) is high, using its roughly sevenfold greater atherogenicity per particle (Lipids Health Dis 2024)
- Systematic review of 2,058 patients finds elevated Lp(a) consistently linked to vulnerable carotid plaque features (J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2024)
- Review by Borén and colleagues explains why Lp(a) is roughly six times more atherogenic than LDL per particle (Curr Opin Cardiol 2024)
- Higher Lp(a) tracks with better lung function in 679 older adults, but Mendelian randomisation finds no causal link (Biomedicines 2024)
- In a 10-week RCT, sugar-sweetened beverages lowered Lp(a) by 13% in overweight adults, independent of apo(a) size (J Lipid Res 2024)
- A larger early drop in Lp(a) after emergency PCI paradoxically predicts worse outcomes in acute coronary syndrome (World J Cardiol 2024)
- Lp(a) alone, without added oxidized phospholipid measures, doubles the odds of a major limb event in 446 angiography patients (J Lipid Res 2024)
- In 227 hypertensive patients, elevated Lp(a) tracks specifically with worse nocturnal blood pressure and pulse pressure patterns (Sci Rep 2024)
- Serum Lp(a) predicts aortic stiffness with an AUC of 0.77 in 148 long-term peritoneal dialysis patients (Med Sci Monit 2024)
- Genotype-based RCT finds both plant-based omega-3 and omega-6 oils lower Lp(a) by 7-10%, regardless of FADS1 genotype (Atherosclerosis 2024)
- Meta-analysis of 23,105 asymptomatic patients finds elevated Lp(a) raises the odds of any coronary calcium by 31%, though evidence certainty is low (Eur J Prev Cardiol 2024)
- Lipoprotein apheresis removes cell-derived extracellular vesicles alongside Lp(a), a possible extra mechanism behind its benefit (Sci Rep 2024)
- Mendelian randomisation using 290,497 UK Biobank participants finds no causal link between Lp(a) and arterial stiffness (Eur J Clin Invest 2024)
- Combined elevation of Lp(a) and hs-CRP, not Lp(a) alone, raises platelet reactivity on clopidogrel in 6,615 PCI patients (Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2024)
- Smaller apo(a) isoforms and denser fibrin networks link elevated Lp(a) to thromboembolism, a review of prothrombotic and antifibrinolytic mechanisms (Arch Med Sci 2024)
- Lp(a) falls as triglycerides rise above 300 mg/dL, but only without diabetes, obesity or familial hypercholesterolaemia, in 5,275 Spanish lipid-clinic patients (Clin Investig Arterioscler 2024)
- Coronary microvascular dysfunction is five times more common in asymptomatic people with high Lp(a), with or without familial hypercholesterolaemia (Atherosclerosis 2024)
- A national database of 87,379 patients confirms no link between Lp(a) and retinal vein occlusion, validating a small-cohort null finding (Can J Ophthalmol 2024)
- Interleukin-6 receptor inhibitors lower Lp(a) by 16-41%, less than dedicated Lp(a) drugs but with an added anti-inflammatory effect, a review (Atheroscler Plus 2023)
- Lp(a) risk rises above 30 mg/dL, with the accepted 50 mg/dL threshold, and levels can range beyond 1000 mg/dL, a pathophysiology and treatment review (Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023)
- Is Lp(a) more than a bystander in hypertension? A review of the mechanistic evidence linking Lp(a) to blood pressure and hypertensive organ damage (Int J Mol Sci 2023)
- Lp(a) is a causal risk factor for calcific aortic valve disease via oxidised phospholipids, though whether lowering it slows progression remains unproven, a review (Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2024)
- Plasminogen receptors PlgRKT, annexin A2 and S100A10 drive Lp(a) uptake into liver cells via macropinocytosis (Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023)
- Decreased Lp(a), unlike increased ApoB, is paradoxically linked to metabolic syndrome in a meta-analysis of 150,519 people across 50 studies (Lipids Health Dis 2023)
- Transgenic mice expressing human Lp(a) develop larger, more vulnerable, more calcified atherosclerotic plaques, an effect specific to females (Atherosclerosis 2023)
- Elevated Lp(a) is linked to a roughly fourfold higher risk of ischaemic stroke and thrombosis in children, though screening guidelines remain inconsistent, a review (Curr Atheroscler Rep 2023)
- Lp(a) promotes aortic valve calcification via a 'three hit' mechanism, lipid deposition, inflammation and autotaxin transport, a review of emerging RNA treatments (J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023)
- Lp(a) is linked to mitral valve calcification but shows mixed results for mitral dysfunction, a systematic review pooling over 1 million individuals across 8 studies (Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2023)
- Smaller apo(a) isoforms raise Lp(a) mainly by boosting production, and ancestry strengthens this link, in a kinetic study of 32 individuals (J Lipid Res 2023)
- Lp(a) is 50% lower in patients with fatty liver inflammation (NASH) than simple fatty liver (NAFL), a discordant biopsy-based finding in 151 patients (J Clin Lipidol 2023)
- Lp(a) levels are driven mainly by how much the liver makes, not how fast it clears, redirecting drug development toward blocking production, a review (Curr Opin Lipidol 2022)
- The receptor sortilin boosts apo(a) secretion from liver cells and promotes Lp(a) uptake, but rare SORT1 mutations amplify only the secretion effect (J Lipid Res 2022)
- Elevated Lp(a) tracks with lipid-rich, vulnerable coronary plaque specifically in diabetic patients on statins, the REASSURE-NIRS registry of 312 patients (Atherosclerosis 2022)
- ApoE2 carriers have lower Lp(a), with APOE the second most important gene after LPA in determining Lp(a) levels, a mechanistic review (Curr Atheroscler Rep 2022)
- Severe aortic stenosis patients have 35% higher Lp(a) and more lysis-prone fibrin clots, linking Lp(a) to a prothrombotic phenotype in 138 patients (Atherosclerosis 2022)
- LPA shares up to 70% of its sequence with plasminogen, explaining Lp(a) triple threat of atherosclerosis, thrombosis and inflammation, a review (Biomolecules 2022)
- About 30% of hypertensive patients in one clinic had elevated Lp(a), though the mechanistic link to blood pressure remains unclear, a review (Curr Hypertens Rep 2021)
- Bariatric surgery paradoxically raises Lp(a) by 66% while cutting oxidised-phospholipid markers, a prospective study of 59 patients (J Clin Lipidol 2021)
- Aortic stenosis affects 2% of people over 65, and Lp(a) drives its progression through oxidised-phospholipid-triggered valve calcification, a review (Trends Cardiovasc Med 2021)
- The Effect of PCSK9 (Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9) Inhibition on the Risk of Venous Thromboembolism
- Advanced liver fibrosis from NASH lowers Lp(a) levels, undermining its value as a cardiovascular risk marker in 176 patients (Atherosclerosis 2020)
- High Lp(a) (>20 mg/dL) blocks coronary plaque regression despite statin therapy after ACS, the Yokohama-ACS IVUS substudy of 76 patients (J Cardiol 2020)
- Lipoprotein apheresis lowers macrophage cholesterol-loading capacity alongside Lp(a), an Italian case-control study of 34 patients with two novel LPA variants (J Clin Lipidol 2020)
- Lp(a) triggers a cascade from valve damage to calcification via autotaxin and NF-kB, a review of aortic valve stenosis mechanisms (Biomolecules 2019)
- Lp(a) above 200 mg/L raises cardiovascular risk through both atherogenic and thrombotic pathways, a review of Lp(a) molecular mechanisms (Prague Med Rep 2019)
- Blocking IL-6 with tocilizumab does not lower Lp(a) in heart attack patients, a randomised trial of 117 NSTEMI patients (Int J Cardiol 2019)
- Lp(a) molar-to-mass conversion ratios vary two to three-fold by assay and isoform, a study of 1635 samples across 5 commercial tests (J Clin Lipidol 2018)
- Antisense therapy could push Lp(a) below the 30-50 mg/dL risk threshold, a review of Lp(a) mechanisms and emerging therapeutics (Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2018)
- PCSK9 inhibitors show discordant LDL and Lp(a) responses in 40% of real-world patients, a study of 26 patients (J Clin Lipidol 2017)
- Lp(a) ranges from under 0.1 to over 100 mg/mL between individuals, and is higher in women, a review of its evolutionary origins and genetic determinants (Curr Med Chem 2017)
- Omega-3 plus vitamin E supplementation lowers Lp(a) gene expression in women with polycystic ovary syndrome, a randomised trial of 68 patients (Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017)
- Lp(a) LPA gene copy number variation remains only partly understood despite its strong coronary disease link, a review of Lp(a) structure and genetics (J Lipid Res 2016)
- Mouse and rabbit Lp(a) models fall short since animals naturally express under 20 mg/dL and only one of over 40 human apo(a) isoforms, a review (Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2016)
- Elevated Lp(a) shifts monocytes toward a more inflammatory subset, a study of 90 patients with stable coronary disease (J Clin Lipidol 2015)
- Ribose-cysteine supplementation raises antioxidant glutathione and lowers Lp(a) in transgenic mice, a mechanistic study (Atherosclerosis 2014)
- Lp(a) carries the inflammatory chemokine MCP-1 in human plasma via oxidized phospholipids, a mechanistic study (J Lipid Res 2013)
- Lp(a) rises stepwise with coronary vessel disease and abdominal, but not thoracic, aortic plaque, an MRI study of 143 patients (Atherosclerosis 2012)
- Two common Lp(a) assays disagree on classification for 23% of patients, a study of 144 patients (J Clin Lipidol 2012)
- Lp(a) particle behavior shifts dramatically with high triglycerides, correlating mainly with HDL subfractions instead, a study of 148 patients (J Clin Lipidol 2012)
- Lp(a) does not predict early carotid thickening, suggesting a thrombotic rather than atherogenic mechanism, a Spanish study of 172 healthy adults (Eur J Prev Cardiol 2012)
- Oxidized Lp(a) appears early in endothelial cells while native Lp(a) marks later fibrin deposits, a study of carotid and cerebral artery plaques (Atherosclerosis 2011)
- A new chromatography method for measuring Lp(a) cholesterol correlates strongly with standard assays, a methods study (J Lipid Res 2010)
- Elevated Lp(a) does not thicken carotid arteries in healthy young adults, a study of 151 volunteers (Atherosclerosis 2007)
- High Lp(a) blunts insulin-enhanced coronary blood flow in young healthy men, a PET imaging study of 30 men (Atherosclerosis 2005)
- A low-fat diet raises Lp(a) by up to 9% and oxidized LDL by up to 27%, a dietary trial of 37 women (Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2004)
- Soy protein doubles Lp(a), but alcohol-extracting it eliminates the effect, a crossover trial of 12 people (Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2002)
- Anabolic steroids lower Lp(a) while testosterone suppression raises it, a study of 26 men (Atherosclerosis 2001)
- Lp(a) is higher in heart attacks that strike in the early morning, linking it to a circadian clotting surge, a study of 42 patients (Atherosclerosis 2001)
- Lp(a) impairs blood vessel dilation in healthy postmenopausal women, a Dutch study of 105 women (Atherosclerosis 2000)
- Glycated Lp(a) worsens blood clot-dissolving capacity in vascular cells more than native Lp(a), a mechanistic study relevant to diabetes (Atherosclerosis 2000)
- Oral estrogen lowers Lp(a) by 23%, linked to a doubling of IGFBP-1, a trial of 73 postmenopausal women (Atherosclerosis 2000)
- Lp(a) doubles during normal pregnancy but is not further raised by pre-eclampsia, a Scottish study of 30 women (Atherosclerosis 2000)
- Falling Lp(a) in MASLD reflects liver damage, not falling cardiovascular risk (Curr Cardiol Rep 2026)
- Distribution of Lipoprotein(a) concentrations in children and young people with Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH) compared to those without FH: A systematic review and narrative synthesis
- Lipoprotein apheresis: From familial hypercholesterolemia and elevated lipoprotein(a) to emerging roles in peripheral arterial and renal disease
- Oxidised phospholipids and autotaxin link Lp(a) to aortic valve calcification, mechanistic review (Int J Mol Sci 2026)
- From Phenotype to Genotype and Beyond: Insights into Familial Hypercholesterolemia and Familial Hypertriglyceridemia
- Lipoprotein(a) and premature myocardial infarction: Mechanistic insights and implications for PCI-era residual risk
- Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets of RNA-Based and Traditional Lipid-Lowering Agents in Residual Cardiovascular Risk: A Scoping Review of Key Directions Towards Future Perspectives
- Mass-spectrometry method changes the Lp(a) proteome, but a 34-protein core is method-independent (J Clin Med 2026)
- Lipoprotein(a) in familial hypercholesterolemia
- Elevated Lp(a) raises VLDL particle number, not composition, in normotriglyceridemic adults, study of 70 (Int J Mol Sci 2026)
- A minireview makes the case for standardised Lp(a) measurement as LDL-C-normal cardiovascular risk stays underexplained (Int J Mol Sci 2025)
- Lp(a) may drive diabetic kidney disease via TGF-beta fibrosis and podocyte injury, review of unresolved mechanisms (Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2026)
- LDL-C and Lp(a) push monocytes and macrophages into a self-perpetuating foam-cell-forming, pro-inflammatory cycle, review explains (Biochem Med (Zagreb) 2025)
- Lp(a) as a multisystem risk factor beyond the heart, and what RNA-based therapies could mean for renal, autoimmune and neurological disease, review argues (Life Sci 2025)
- SREBP1, gut-derived TMAO, and Lp(a) all feed 'residual risk' left after LDL-C control, precision-medicine review argues for guideline-integrated management (J Vis Exp 2025)
- Does Lp(a) protect against or promote cancer? Experimental and clinical evidence remain contradictory, review finds, with implications for anti-Lp(a) drugs (Semin Cancer Biol 2025)
- A structural and clinical review of Lp(a)'s bidirectional risk and the emerging therapies targeting it (J Clin Biochem Nutr 2026)
- Elevated Lp(a) impairs coronary flow reserve, a marker of subclinical vasomotor dysfunction, in a 25-versus-30-patient comparison (Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2025)
- Elevated Lp(a) does not predict earlier Alzheimer's onset in adults with Down syndrome, hinting at unique protective factors, 96-patient study finds (Alzheimers Dement 2025)
- Elevated Lp(a) tracks with cardiac MRI signs of myocardial fibrosis in group II pulmonary hypertension from HFpEF (Future Cardiol 2025)
- Review weighs conflicting evidence on whether lowering LDL-C blunts the cardiovascular risk carried by elevated Lp(a) (Biomolecules 2025)
- Systematic review of 26 studies finds Mendelian randomisation but not observational data supports a causal role for Lp(a) in atrial fibrillation (Pol Arch Intern Med 2025)
- Case report: the IGF-1 receptor blocker teprotumumab drove Lp(a) above the atherogenic threshold in a Graves' orbitopathy patient (J Clin Lipidol 2025)
- A nine-miRNA signature links high Lp(a) to coronary calcification through inflammation and lipid pathways in 24 SAFEHEART FH patients (Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2025)
- Review maps how Lp(a)'s proatherogenic and prothrombotic biology may drive atrial fibrillation, and which Lp(a)-lowering drugs also help (Int J Med Sci 2025)
- Narrative review ties Lp(a)'s pro-inflammatory and prothrombotic biology to higher peripheral arterial disease incidence and restenosis risk (Vasc Health Risk Manag 2025)
- Lp(a) does not predict cardiac allograft vasculopathy in 385 heart transplant recipients, unlike graft rejection history (J Clin Lipidol 2025)
- Lipoprotein apheresis reduces oxidative susceptibility of both Lp(a) and LDL particles, a possible mechanism behind its cardiovascular benefit (Int J Mol Sci 2024)
- Review of 33 trials finds unsaturated-fat diets modestly lower Lp(a) while saturated-fat diets raise it, but effects are inconsistent (Life (Basel) 2024)
- Lp(a) does not correlate with thrombus burden on CT pulmonary angiography in 90 patients with acute pulmonary embolism (Sci Rep 2024)
- Narrative review separates settled from unresolved: Lp(a) firmly drives MI and aortic stenosis, but its role in AF and in-stent restenosis stays unclear (Int J Mol Sci 2024)
- Blocking microRNA-221-3p restores angiogenesis in Lp(a)-injured endothelial progenitor cells via a SIRT1-RAF/MEK/ERK pathway (Mol Med Rep 2024)
- Review notes Lp(a)'s link to peripheral artery disease and carotid atherosclerosis is real but less conclusive than for coronary disease (Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2024)
- Narrative review traces Lp(a)'s pediatric research history from stroke risk marker to a proposed early-life therapeutic target (Int J Mol Sci 2024)
- Review notes Lp(a)'s stroke association is well replicated in epidemiology but only marginal in Mendelian randomisation studies (J Int Med Res 2024)
- Review explores Lp(a)'s dual role in both driving and, in some contexts, dampening the inflammation behind atherosclerosis (Curr Atheroscler Rep 2024)
- Review argues Lp(a)'s well-established link to coronary and cerebrovascular disease remains understudied specifically in peripheral artery disease (Biomedicines 2024)
- Review explains how Lp(a) drives both atherosclerosis and aortic valve calcification through shared inflammatory and antifibrinolytic mechanisms (Cureus 2024)
- Review argues electronegative LDL (L5) deserves the same attention as Lp(a) as a distinct atherogenic lipoprotein (Curr Atheroscler Rep 2024)
- Review takes stock of Lp(a)'s role in atherosclerosis and thrombosis while highlighting muvalaplin's oral-inhibitor promise (Int J Mol Sci 2024)
- Fragment-based drug design screens 61,600 molecular fragments to find a novel small-molecule inhibitor of the Lp(a) kringle domain (J Bioenerg Biomembr 2024)
- Lipoprotein(a) correlates with DNA damage in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia, with an ASCVD-relevant cut-off of 23.45 nmol/L (Sci Rep 2024)
- Lp(a) is linked to greater peri-coronary inflammation in people with HIV compared to those without, in a study of 79 participants (J Clin Lipidol 2024)
- Lp(a)'s structural resemblance to plasminogen drives both plaque instability and impaired fibrinolysis in myocardial infarction, a narrative review (Rom J Morphol Embryol 2024)
- Review poses the 10 biggest unanswered questions about Lp(a), from its physiological role to how best to use it as a risk marker (Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2024)
- Insulin-like growth factor I may suppress Lp(a) synthesis, opening a novel avenue for hyperlipoproteinemia(a) treatment, a review (Growth Horm IGF Res 2023)
- Lp(a) drives atherosclerosis through plaque formation, thrombogenicity and inflammation, but no approved drug specifically targets it yet, a review (Biomol Biomed 2023)
- Lp(a) drives inflammation, atherosclerosis and thrombosis via oxidised phospholipid transport, but measurement standardisation still lags, a review (Molecules 2023)
- As Lp(a)-lowering drugs approach outcome trials, aortic stenosis joins atherosclerosis as a key target, a review from synthesis to therapy (Int J Mol Sci 2022)
- Lp(a) cardiovascular risk may run through inflammation, and lowering it partly reverses the inflammatory profile, a review (J Clin Lipidol 2023)
- Mechanistic, epidemiologic and genetic evidence converges on Lp(a) as a causal driver of both atherosclerosis and aortic stenosis, a review of emerging therapies (J Clin Med 2022)
- Growth hormone treatment may raise Lp(a) and explain reported cardiovascular morbidity in treated children, a hypothesis piece (Growth Horm IGF Res 2022)
- Oral hormone therapy lowers Lp(a) more than transdermal, and kidney disease raises it while liver disease lowers it, a review of non-genetic influences (Atherosclerosis 2022)
- Despite decades of study, how the liver assembles and clears Lp(a) remains only partly understood, a comprehensive metabolism review (Atherosclerosis 2022)
- Oxidised phospholipids bound to apo(a) kringle IV-10 domain may explain why Lp(a) is such a potent risk factor at far lower concentrations than LDL, a review (Atherosclerosis 2022)
- Lp(a) drives calcific aortic valve disease through four distinct mechanistic routes, but no clinical trial has yet targeted it directly, a review (Front Cell Dev Biol 2022)
- How much do oxidised phospholipids explain Lp(a) danger, and can drugs lower them? An update review (Eur J Clin Invest 2022)
- Lp(a)-carried oxidised phospholipids drive valve calcification through pro-osteogenic signalling, a review of the current landscape in calcific aortic valve disease (Curr Opin Cardiol 2021)
- IL-6 receptor blockade with tocilizumab reverses high Lp(a) in rheumatoid arthritis, hinting at an inflammatory route to Lp(a) control, a review (Pharmacol Res 2021)
- PCSK9 inhibitors remain the only drugs proven to reduce cardiovascular events partly via Lp(a), as gene-based therapies emerge, a review from pathophysiology to treatment (Ann Med 2020)
- Lp(a) levels above 300 mg/L significantly raise cardiovascular risk, a review of Lp(a) structure, metabolism and emerging therapies (J Lipids 2020)
- Apo(a)-targeted drugs can lower Lp(a) by up to 90%, a review of Lp(a) mechanisms in atherosclerosis and aortic stenosis (Hellenic J Cardiol 2020)
- Emerging apo(a)-targeted therapies could transform Lp(a) management, a review of Lp(a)'s role in preventive cardiology (Curr Opin Cardiol 2019)
- Lp(a) is shifting from a mere biomarker to a potential therapeutic target, a review of the evidence since its 1963 discovery (J Atheroscler Thromb 2019)
- Lp(a) is genetically fixed and diet-resistant, a review of its biology and response to statins, apheresis, PCSK9 and CETP inhibitors and antisense drugs (J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019)
- Natural compounds like l-carnitine, coenzyme Q10 and xuezhikang emerge as Lp(a)-lowering options, a review of dietary agents (J Cell Physiol 2019)
- Lp(a) is cleared by five distinct receptor families, but none are yet clear drug targets, a review of Lp(a) catabolism (Pathology 2019)
- Lp(a) clinical utility remains undefined despite mounting evidence for its causal role in atherosclerosis and aortic valve disease, a review of remaining questions (Curr Opin Lipidol 2018)
- Kidney disease raises Lp(a) mainly in patients with large apo(a) isoforms or heavy protein loss, a review of Lp(a) in chronic kidney disease (J Lipid Res 2018)
- The Lp(a) hypothesis awaits its first clinical trial test, unlike the LDL hypothesis, a review of Lp(a) and cardiovascular disease (Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 2018)
- Lp(a) assembly and clearance mechanisms remain unresolved since its 1963 discovery, a review of Lp(a) metabolism (J Lipid Res 2017)
- Lp(a) remains an underused target in athero-thrombosis management due to assay standardization challenges, a review of Lp(a) mechanisms and therapy (J Cell Physiol 2018)
- Lp(a) and inflammation together erode endothelial integrity, a review of their dangerous interaction (Pharmacol Res 2017)
- How PCSK9 antibodies lower Lp(a) remains unexplained, unlike statins which raise LDL receptor activity without lowering Lp(a), a review since 2012 (Clin Sci (Lond) 2017)
- Lifestyle and hormones can modestly influence Lp(a) levels, a review of non-pharmacological Lp(a) management (Curr Med Chem 2017)
- Lp(a) microRNA regulation could hold clues to its role in stroke, a review calling for further research (Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets 2017)
- Whether Lp(a) directly causes thrombosis or acts only through atherosclerosis remains unresolved, a review of Lp(a) prothrombotic role (J Lipid Res 2016)
- Only 4 studies have examined Lp(a) and arterial stiffness, but most find a positive link, a review of Lp(a) and vascular stiffness parameters (Pulse (Basel) 2015)
- Elevated Lp(a) and prothrombotic changes may drive cardiovascular risk even in early kidney disease, a review (World J Nephrol 2015)
- Only 1 of 4 studies found higher Lp(a) in migraine patients, a systematic review questioning the migraine-Lp(a) link (J Thromb Thrombolysis 2015)
- Lp(a) mass measurements conflate particle size with true risk, a review calling for a mass-insensitive assay (J Clin Lipidol 2014)
- New drugs like apoB antisense, MTP and CETP inhibitors could finally test whether lowering Lp(a) helps, a review on when to measure Lp(a) (Eur Heart J 2013)
- Genetic studies support Lp(a) as a cause of ischemic heart disease, though no outcome trial has ever tested lowering it, a review (Atherosclerosis 2010)
- Lp(a) carries an enzyme that degrades oxidized phospholipids, a review of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2007)
- Elevated Lp(a) is associated with concentric left ventricular hypertrophy in non-diabetic hypertension: a 110-patient echocardiographic study (Blood Press 2026)
- Lp(a) shows only a mild link to coagulation factor V, angiographic cohort of 383 (J Clin Lipidol 2026)
- Lp(a)-monocyte associations differ by race in single-cell RNA-seq analysis, 34-participant preprint study (bioRxiv 2026)
- Impact of hypertension on associations of all-cause mortality with admission lipoprotein (a) in acute decompensated heart failure
- A case of Lp(a) at 925 nmol/L with recurrent cardiovascular events and a confirmed hypercoagulable profile despite optimal therapy (Front Cardiovasc Med 2026)
- A 61-year-old with Lp(a) of 233 nmol/L survives a ruptured 7.3-cm root and ascending aortic aneurysm, case report raises aneurysm-risk question (JACC Case Rep 2025)
- Case report: a 2-year-old with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis had both iron deficiency anaemia and high Lp(a) (Front Pediatr 2025)
- Case series: two young patients presented with spontaneous coronary dissection and thrombosis alongside high Lp(a), not atherosclerosis (J Clin Lipidol 2025)
- Case report: Lp(a) of 113 mg/dL behind recurrent deep vein thrombosis and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis across two pregnancies (Case Rep Neurol 2025)
- Review finds Lp(a) is a weaker predictor of cerebral atherosclerosis and stroke than of coronary disease (Wiad Lek 2025)
- Case report: an 11-year-old girl's sudden retinal artery occlusion was linked to elevated Lp(a) and high factor VIII (Cureus 2024)
- Systematic review finds hypothyroidism correlates with higher Lp(a), but thyroid hormone replacement doesn't actually lower it (Cureus 2024)
- Two women with normal cholesterol and low coronary calcium scores still had significant coronary disease and high Lp(a), a case report (J Clin Lipidol 2020)
- LPA may be an unprocessed pseudogene duplicated from the plasminogen gene, a hypothesis for apo(a) functionless structure and Lp(a) pathology (Cureus 2018)
- A rare case links elevated Lp(a) to aortic thrombosis in a non-aneurysmal aorta for the first time, a case report (Vasc Endovascular Surg 2016)
- A patient with Lp(a) 3.5 times the FH average developed clotting during apheresis, a case report (J Clin Lipidol 2016)
- A 34-year-old man with Lp(a) of 212 mg/dL and stroke saw his level drop 15% with aspirin but not statins, a case report (J Clin Lipidol 2016)
- A liver transplant recipient developed elevated Lp(a) and accelerated atherosclerosis after transplantation, a case report (J Clin Lipidol 2016)
- Lp(a) may drive livedoid vasculopathy through thrombosis, fibrinolysis inhibition and autoimmunity, a hypothesis review (Med Hypotheses 2015)
- Thyroid hormone replacement kept lowering a hypothyroid patient's Lp(a) for over a year, a case report (J Clin Lipidol 2012)
- Lipoprotein(a) and Cardiovascular Disease: From Genetic Risk Factor to Therapeutic Target