Mechanisms
Review of 33 trials finds unsaturated-fat diets modestly lower Lp(a) while saturated-fat diets raise it, but effects are inconsistent (Life (Basel) 2024)
Original title: The Impact of Diet on Lipoprotein(a) Levels
This review searched PubMed for clinical and randomised trials on fat-based diets and Lp(a) published since 2000, screening 697 identified studies and selecting 33 that met inclusion criteria. The evidence suggested that diets rich in unsaturated fats, both polyunsaturated and monounsaturated, tended to lower plasma Lp(a), while diets high in saturated fat were linked to higher Lp(a), though these effects were not consistent across all included studies. The authors emphasise that because Lp(a) is strongly genetically determined, diet alone is unlikely to dramatically change an individual's level, and recommend a personalised strategy combining a diet rich in unsaturated fats with regular physical activity and weight management as part of overall cardiovascular risk reduction, while calling for further mechanistic research to clarify how specific fats influence Lp(a).
Original abstract
Background: Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is recognized as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases; however, the impact of fat-based diets on its levels remains unclear.
Objective: This study aims to assess and analyze current evidence on the impact of various types of fat-based diets on Lp(a) levels.
Material And Methods: A comprehensive search of the PubMed database was conducted on 9 July 2024, focusing on clinical and randomized trials published since 2000. Out of 697 identified studies, 33 met the inclusion criteria and were selected for analysis.
Results: The findings suggest that modifications in fat-based diets, particularly concerning the type and amount of consumed fats and fatty acids, can significantly influence plasma Lp(a) levels. Diets rich in unsaturated fats, including polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, were associated with more favorable effects in lowering Lp(a) levels. In contrast, diets high in saturated fats were linked to elevated Lp(a) levels. However, these conclusions were not consistent across all studies considered.
Conclusions: This work highlights the importance of a personalized dietary approach, considering both genetic predispositions and dietary habits. While diet alone may not drastically alter Lp(a) levels due to their strong genetic determination, a comprehensive strategy involving a healthy diet rich in unsaturated fats, regular physical activity, and effective weight management is recommended to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Further research is needed to clarify the mechanisms through which different fats affect Lp(a) and to develop targeted dietary recommendations.
Summary written by lp-a.org from the published abstract; figures as published. Page updated 18 August 2026. Methods.