RNA therapeutics 198 items
Antisense (pelacarsen) and siRNA (olpasiran, lepodisiran, zerlasiran) against LPA mRNA: the phase 1 and 2 trials, the durability data and the outcomes trials that will decide the field.
Trials, agents, guidance
- Agent Lepodisiran (LY3819469)
- Agent Olpasiran (AMG 890)
- Agent Zerlasiran (SLN360)
- Agent Pelacarsen (TQJ230, AKCEA-APO(a)-LRx)
Studies
- OCEAN(a)-DOSE: olpasiran lowers Lp(a) by more than 95 percent in patients with ASCVD (O'Donoghue et al., NEJM 2022)
- Pelacarsen (AKCEA-APO(a)-LRx) lowers Lp(a) by up to 80 percent in patients with cardiovascular disease: the phase 2 trial (Tsimikas et al., NEJM 2020)
- Lp(a)FRONTIERS APHERESIS: pelacarsen replaces lipoprotein apheresis in 25 of 26 patients (Parhofer et al., EHJ 2026)
- Design and rationale of Lp(a)HORIZON, the first Lp(a) outcomes trial: pelacarsen in 8,323 patients (Cho, Nicholls, Nordestgaard et al., Am Heart J 2025)
- ALPACA: lepodisiran 400 mg lowers Lp(a) by 94 percent from day 60 to 180, and by 95 percent over a year with a second dose (Nissen et al., NEJM 2025)
- IONIS-APO(a)Rx and the GalNAc-conjugated APO(a)-LRx: two dose-ranging trials (Viney et al., Lancet 2016)
- ALPACAR: zerlasiran lowers time-averaged Lp(a) by more than 80 percent over 36 weeks in ASCVD (Nissen et al., JAMA 2024)
- Lepodisiran phase 1: a single 608 mg dose keeps Lp(a) 94 percent down at day 337 (Nissen et al., JAMA 2023)
- Olpasiran, a GalNAc-conjugated siRNA against LPA: preclinical development and phase 1 (Koren et al., Nat Med 2022)
- First antisense drug against apo(a) in humans: ISIS-APO(a)Rx phase 1 (Tsimikas et al., Lancet 2015)
- APOLLO: single ascending doses of SLN360 (zerlasiran) lower Lp(a) by up to 98 percent (Nissen et al., JAMA 2022)
- Potent Lp(a) lowering with apo(a) antisense reduces pro-inflammatory activation of monocytes (Stiekema et al., EHJ 2020)
- Olpasiran lowers oxidised phospholipids on apoB by about 90 percent without moving hs-CRP or IL-6: OCEAN(a)-DOSE (Rosenson et al., JAMA Cardiol 2025)
- After stopping olpasiran, Lp(a) stays 40 to 50 percent below baseline for nearly a year: OCEAN(a)-DOSE extension (O'Donoghue et al., JACC 2024)
- Zerlasiran single and multiple doses in ASCVD patients: Lp(a) down 90 percent at 201 days after two doses (Nissen et al., JAMA 2024)
- Pelacarsen lowers Lp(a) cholesterol and reveals how much of 'LDL-C' is really Lp(a) (Yeang et al., JACC 2022)
- Lp(a)-lowering therapies: a promising future (Zhang, Navar, Tokgozoglu, EHJ 2026)
- Olpasiran and apolipoprotein B particles: what siRNA-mediated Lp(a) removal does to the apoB pool (Zimerman et al., JAMA Cardiol 2025)
- A Global Think Tank of major cardiovascular societies reaches unanimous consensus on standardising Lp(a) measurement, but not on universal screening (J Clin Lipidol 2021)
- New antisense and RNA interference drugs may lower Lp(a) by up to 90%, a JCL Roundtable expert discussion on the emerging risk factor (J Clin Lipidol 2018)
- Olpasiran tops a network meta-analysis of 51 trials (17,810 patients) ranking Lp(a)-lowering therapies against PCSK9 inhibitors (Diabetes Obes Metab 2026)
- Olpasiran leads a network meta-analysis of 25 trials (7,715 patients) ranking every Lp(a)-lowering agent (Pharmacol Res 2026)
- Olpasiran ranks as the most effective Lp(a)-lowering therapy, network meta-analysis of 1,432 patients (Front Cardiovasc Med 2026)
- Olpasiran cuts Lp(a) by 92% in a network meta-analysis of 14 trials, outperforming non-targeted siRNAs like inclisiran, though zerlasiran raises injection-site safety flags (Diabetes Obes Metab 2025)
- Tsimikas marks Lp(a)'s 61st birthday with an ATVB Centennial essay on six decades of discovery and three ongoing outcome trials (Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024)
- Pelacarsen cut Lp(a) by 80% in phase 2, letting 98% of patients reach target levels, as the 7,680-patient Lp(a)HORIZON outcomes trial enrolls, a JACC Focus Seminar (J Am Coll Cardiol 2021)
- Antisense drug IONIS-APO(a)Rx reveals standard LDL-C tests overestimate true LDL-C by up to 50% in high-Lp(a) patients, a phase 2 trial (J Clin Lipidol 2018)
- Mipomersen cuts Lp(a) by 26% across diverse hypercholesterolaemia populations, a pooled analysis of 4 phase 3 trials and 382 patients (Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015)
- The first antisense drug targeting apo(a) cuts Lp(a) by up to 25% and oxidized phospholipids by up to 92.5% in mice, a foundational study (J Am Coll Cardiol 2011)
- Mipomersen cuts Lp(a) by about 75% in transgenic mice, an early study establishing the antisense drug's mechanism (Circulation 2008)
- Five late-stage RNA and small-molecule Lp(a) therapies near approval, from pelacarsen to muvalaplin (Curr Atheroscler Rep 2026)
- Twenty clinical trials map the Lp(a)-lowering therapeutic landscape across three drug classes, review (J Clin Med 2026)
- From apheresis to CRISPR: review maps every Lp(a)-lowering therapy in development (Curr Atheroscler Rep 2026)
- Zerlasiran cuts Lp(a) by up to 97.8% in a Japanese phase 1 trial of 18 participants (J Atheroscler Thromb 2026)
- Lp(a)FRONTIERS EXPANSION enrols 422 Black and Hispanic patients for a pelacarsen trial, ahead of schedule (Am J Prev Cardiol 2026)
- The Lp(a) implementation gap: screening stays below 1% despite affecting 20% of the world, review (Rev Cardiovasc Med 2026)
- Early health-technology assessment finds both olpasiran and pelacarsen highly cost-effective for secondary CHD prevention in Bulgaria (Clinicoecon Outcomes Res 2026)
- A practical roadmap for managing elevated Lp(a) today, from apheresis's 60-75% cut to RNA agents' 80-95%, while outcomes trials are pending (Semin Thromb Hemost 2025)
- Pelacarsen, olpasiran, lepodisiran and zerlasiran cut Lp(a) by 80 to almost 100%, with phase 3 outcomes readouts possible in 2026, pipeline review finds (Expert Opin Pharmacother 2025)
- Lp(a) as a shared driver of atherosclerosis, aortic stenosis and abdominal aortic aneurysm, with lowering therapies now in outcomes trials (Annu Rev Med 2026)
- Zerlasiran's long half-life and infrequent dosing make it a promising siRNA candidate for lowering Lp(a), phase 2 review finds, with phase 3 outcomes still to come (Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2025)
- Lepodisiran achieved up to 97% Lp(a) reduction in phase 1, with a durable phase 2 effect and phase 3 outcomes trials now underway, updated review finds (Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets 2025)
- Lp(a)'s link to venous thromboembolism stays unsettled even as new agents cut Lp(a) by up to 98%, review by a KOL-heavy author group finds (Thromb Haemost 2025)
- A single olpasiran dose cut Lp(a) by up to 99.2% in Chinese participants, phase 1 trial finds, with no ethnic dose adjustment needed (Clin Ther 2025)
- Seven investigational agents, from siRNAs to a gene-editing candidate and a repurposed CETP inhibitor, now target Lp(a) in clinical trials, review finds (Curr Cardiovasc Risk Rep 2025)
- Olpasiran and pelacarsen cut Lp(a) by 85-90%, with phase 3 outcome trials testing whether this prevents aortic stenosis progression (Int J Mol Sci 2023)
- Gene-silencing drugs cut Lp(a) by 70-90% and LDL-C by over 30%, positioning PCSK9 and Lp(a) as the leading targets for RNA-based cardiovascular therapy, a review (Clin Ther 2023)
- About 20% of people carry elevated Lp(a), and phase 3 outcome trials of pelacarsen and olpasiran are now testing whether lowering it reduces cardiovascular events (Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2024)
- Every RNA-based Lp(a) drug tested lowers it by more than 90%, a systematic assessment of 22 trials of pelacarsen, olpasiran, SLN360 and LY3819469 (J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2023)
- Trial design challenges for Lp(a)-lowering therapies take center stage as pelacarsen and olpasiran enter phase 3 outcomes trials, a JACC Focus Seminar (J Am Coll Cardiol 2023)
- Pelacarsen lowers Lp(a) by up to 106% in healthy Japanese subjects, supporting the 80 mg monthly dose used in the Lp(a)HORIZON trial (J Clin Lipidol 2023)
- Pelacarsen and olpasiran achieve up to 90% Lp(a) reductions, positioning routine Lp(a) testing as clinically essential, a review (Curr Opin Lipidol 2023)
- Olpasiran cuts Lp(a) by up to 99% with similar effect in Japanese and non-Japanese subjects, a phase 1 dose-finding trial (Clin Ther 2022)
- The OCEAN(a)-DOSE trial enrolls 281 patients to find olpasiran optimal dose ahead of a cardiovascular outcomes trial (Am Heart J 2022)
- SLN360 sustains up to 95% Lp(a) reduction for at least 9 weeks in cynomolgus monkeys, preclinical data ahead of human trials (Atherosclerosis 2022)
- Pelacarsen lowers Lp(a) equally regardless of LPA genotype or apo(a) isoform size, a pooled analysis of 455 patients across 4 trials (Atherosclerosis 2021)
- A new assay measuring Lp(a)-carried cholesterol shows standard LDL-C tests overestimate true LDL by up to 17 mg/dL, in patients with high Lp(a) (J Lipid Res 2021)
- Antisense oligonucleotide cuts Lp(a) by 69%, but does not affect fibrinolysis, a placebo-controlled trial of 17 patients (J Lipid Res 2019)
- About one-third of aortic stenosis cases are linked to high Lp(a) and oxidized phospholipids, a review of emerging Lp(a)-targeted therapies (Circ Res 2019)
- An estimated 5 million people with familial hypercholesterolaemia worldwide have Lp(a) high enough to double aortic valve calcification risk, a review (Atherosclerosis 2019)
- Mipomersen lowers Lp(a) mainly by speeding its clearance, not by reducing production, a kinetic study of 14 healthy volunteers (J Lipid Res 2018)
- Combining PCSK9 inhibitors with apo(a) antisense therapy may best address residual risk in the 1 in 3 FH patients with high Lp(a), a review (Eur Heart J 2017)
- Antisense therapy can cut Lp(a) by up to 90% in phase 1/2 trials, as three treatment approaches converge on the 'revenant' lipoprotein, a review (Eur Heart J 2017)
- Statins may worsen aortic stenosis by raising Lp(a) and oxidized phospholipids, a review of Lp(a)-targeted therapy in calcific aortic valve disease (Curr Opin Cardiol 2016)
- Niacin lowers oxidized phospholipids and Lp(a), but statins raise both by over 20%, a study of 591 patients plus a review of 12 trials and 3896 patients (J Clin Lipidol 2016)
- The CHARGE consortium's discovery that LPA variants cause aortic valve calcification affects over 2.5 million North Americans, a review by the discovering author (J Lipid Res 2016)
- ISIS-APO(a)Rx cuts Lp(a) by up to 89% in a phase 1 trial, the first drug specifically designed to lower Lp(a), a review of antisense inhibition of apo(a) (J Lipid Res 2016)
- Lp(a) above 25 mg/dL affects 30% of Caucasians and up to 70% of Black people, a rationale for developing targeted Lp(a) therapies (J Am Coll Cardiol 2012)
- Adding a specific phospholipid to LDL blocks Lp(a) assembly and transiently lowers Lp(a) by 18.6% in mice, a mechanistic study (J Lipid Res 2009)
- A synthetic peptide's arginine swap cuts the dose needed to block Lp(a) assembly eight-fold, a structural study (J Lipid Res 2004)
- A synthetic apoB peptide blocks Lp(a) assembly far more effectively than a standard lysine analogue, a structural study (Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2003)
- High Lp(a) impairs new blood vessel growth after limb ischemia, but a growth-factor gene therapy restores it in mice (Circulation 2002)
- Only apheresis is FDA-approved for Lp(a) today, review of the RNA-therapeutics pipeline moving to phase 3 outcomes trials (J Clin Lipidol 2026)
- Zerlasiran cuts Lp(a) by 80% or more at 36 weeks in phase 2, review of mechanisms and evidence (Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets 2026)
- Olpasiran achieves more than 95% Lp(a) reduction in OCEAN(a)-DOSE, review of its pharmacology and trial data (Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets 2026)
- Lepodisiran advances to phase 3 ACCLAIM-Lp(a) outcomes trial, updated review (Cardiol Rev 2026)
- Lp(a) drives residual cardiovascular risk after ACS, with RNA therapies pending outcome-trial confirmation, review (J Clin Med 2026)
- RNA interference could become the standard of care for lipid disorders, review of siRNA therapeutics beyond LDL-C (Curr Opin Lipidol 2026)
- Lp(a) explains part of the residual vascular risk in diabetes, driving both macro- and microvascular damage, review argues (Int J Mol Sci 2025)
- Lp(a) biology and the full emerging-therapy pipeline, review spanning ASOs to CRISPR and obicetrapib (Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2026)
- Pelacarsen (TQJ230) achieved up to 97% Lp(a) reduction in phase 1/2 trials, with phase 3 outcomes data still awaited, updated review finds (Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets 2025)
- Mild hepatic impairment modestly raises pelacarsen exposure but does not compromise its safety, phase 1 study finds (Clin Transl Sci 2025)
- Lepodisiran sustained over 90% Lp(a) reduction and durable effects through a year of biannual dosing in the phase 2 ALPACA trial, narrative review finds (World J Cardiol 2025)
- Olpasiran's infrequent dosing could make it a cost-effective route to profound Lp(a) reduction, review argues, with phase 3 OCEAN(a)-OUTCOMES now underway (Cardiol Rev 2025)
- Pirillo and Catapano review how Lp(a)-targeted RNA therapies and the oral inhibitor muvalaplin are reshaping cardiovascular risk assessment (Eur J Intern Med 2025)
- Peripheral artery disease patients carry high residual risk from Lp(a), and RNA-targeted therapies could finally address it, Nicholls argues (Curr Opin Lipidol 2025)
- siRNA agents for Lp(a) mark a path toward precision cardiovascular medicine, review by Kanbay and Zoccali's group argues (Eur J Clin Invest 2025)
- From GalNAc-conjugated injectables to the oral inhibitor muvalaplin, review surveys the Lp(a)-lowering pipeline and calls for an isoform-independent assay standard (Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2025)
- A systematic review of 20 RCTs confirms siRNA therapies significantly lower Lp(a) with mostly mild side effects (Egypt Heart J 2025)
- Pelacarsen, olpasiran and lepodisiran have shown Lp(a) reductions from -35% to -101% across phase 1/2 trials, review of the therapeutic pipeline finds (Curr Opin Lipidol 2025)
- Early health-economic modelling of olpasiran and pelacarsen offers a preview of Lp(a)-lowering RNA therapies' value ahead of outcomes-trial results, review argues (Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2025)
- Review surveys ten RNA-based agents targeting Lp(a), PCSK9, ApoC-III and ANGPTL3 in dyslipidaemia (Int J Mol Sci 2025)
- Systematic review of 20 trials and 6,651 patients finds lepodisiran and olpasiran cut apolipoprotein(a) by 75.69% in hyperlipoproteinemia(a) (J Exp Pharmacol 2025)
- Annual review names 2024 "the year of lipoprotein(a)" as three RNA-based Lp(a)-lowering agents advance through outcome trials (Arch Med Sci 2025)
- Review by Nicholls and Nelson asks which patients stand to benefit most as Lp(a)-lowering agents near approval (Kardiol Pol 2025)
- Review details how pelacarsen's GalNAc-conjugated antisense design achieved an 80% or greater Lp(a) reduction in phase 2b, now being tested for outcomes in Lp(a)HORIZON (J Clin Lipidol 2025)
- Review argues an absolute Lp(a) drop of at least 50 mg/dL is needed for cardiovascular benefit as pelacarsen, olpasiran and muvalaplin near outcome data (Front Med 2025)
- Thanassoulis and Anchouche map the Lp(a)-lowering drug pipeline as pelacarsen and olpasiran near their first phase 3 readouts (Curr Atheroscler Rep 2024)
- Boffa and Koschinsky review the biochemistry behind Lp(a)'s disease-causing potential as phase 3 outcome trials advance (Biochem J 2024)
- Systematic review of 29 studies finds statins, fibrates and ezetimibe do little for Lp(a), while apheresis and PCSK9 inhibitors work (Cureus 2024)
- Nicholls reviews mipomersen, pelacarsen, RNAi agents and muvalaplin as guidelines already push universal Lp(a) measurement (Drugs 2024)
- Review surveys the Lp(a)-lowering pipeline from antisense oligonucleotides to CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing (Eur J Clin Invest 2024)
- Nordestgaard and Langsted review Lp(a) drugs achieving up to a 106% relative reduction as phase 3 trials near completion (Curr Atheroscler Rep 2024)
- About a quarter of the world has Lp(a) above 50 mg/dL, and gene-silencing drugs dosed a few times a year could finally lower it robustly, a review (Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2024)
- Olpasiran and pelacarsen could be cost-effective at AU$1867 and AU$984 per year for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease, an early Australian health technology assessment (J Clin Lipidol 2024)
- New ASO and siRNA drugs cut Lp(a) by up to 98%, far beyond what existing lipid-lowering therapies achieve, a review argues we are not yet ready to treat Lp(a) (Curr Atheroscler Rep 2023)
- Traditional Lp(a) drugs barely reach 50% reduction while new RNA-interfering agents may exceed 95%, a review of emerging pharmacotherapies (Int J Mol Sci 2023)
- 20-25% of people worldwide have Lp(a) 50 mg/dL or above, and existing drugs barely touch it while three new agents in development could change that, a review (Pharmacotherapy 2023)
- Inclisiran needs only two doses a year to sustain LDL-C lowering, with the ORION/VICTORION program also tracking its effect on Lp(a), a review (Pharmaceuticals 2023)
- Antisense oligonucleotides and siRNAs cut Lp(a) by 98-101% in recent trials, though whether this reduces cardiovascular events remains unknown, a review (Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2023)
- Lp(a) promotes aortic valve calcification via a 'three hit' mechanism, lipid deposition, inflammation and autotaxin transport, a review of emerging RNA treatments (J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023)
- Statins raise Lp(a) while PCSK9 inhibitors and RNA therapies lower it, a 57-year literature review of pharmacological effects on Lp(a) (Endocr Pract 2023)
- SLN360 is well tolerated in preclinical rat and primate studies, with reversible liver/kidney effects and no off-target toxicity (Toxicol Sci 2022)
- Pelacarsen, olpasiran and SLN360 lower Lp(a) by up to 90%, with pelacarsen phase 3 outcome trial due in 2024, a review (Curr Atheroscler Rep 2022)
- PCSK9 inhibitors and apheresis are the only current Lp(a)-lowering options proven to also cut cardiovascular risk, while ASOs and siRNAs may exceed 70% reduction, a review (Atherosclerosis 2022)
- 1.4 billion people worldwide have elevated Lp(a), and siRNA drugs dosed just 3-4 times a year could finally treat it, a review (Cardiovasc Res 2022)
- About 1 in 5 people has Lp(a) above 50 mg/dL, and it raises cardiovascular risk even with LDL cholesterol below 70 mg/dL, a review (J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2022)
- Lp(a)-lowering could become the third pillar of lipid therapy alongside LDL-C and triglycerides, a Dutch perspective on eradicating lipid-driven cardiovascular risk (Neth Heart J 2022)
- Over 20% of the population has Lp(a) above 50 mg/dL, and antisense oligonucleotides can cut it by up to 90% as the Lp(a)HORIZON outcomes trial nears results, a review (Curr Atheroscler Rep 2021)
- Genetics explains 80-90% of Lp(a) variation, up to 1000-fold between people, and antisense drugs can cut it 80% as the HORIZON trial nears, a review (Curr Atheroscler Rep 2021)
- Pelacarsen cuts Lp(a) by up to 80%, one of five RNA-targeted drugs reshaping dyslipidaemia treatment, a review (Curr Atheroscler Rep 2021)
- APO(a)Lrx (pelacarsen) can cut Lp(a) by up to 80%, far surpassing PCSK9 inhibitors, in patients where Lp(a) explains 5-20% of suspected FH diagnoses, a review (J Clin Med 2020)
- Antisense apo(a) and apoB inhibitors could cut Lp(a) by up to 80%, a review of Lp(a)-lowering strategies for coronary disease (Drugs 2020)
- Elevated Lp(a) affects 30-50% of familial hypercholesterolaemia patients, compounding their inherited cardiovascular risk, a review of emerging RNA-based therapy (J Intern Med 2020)
- Lp(a) above 50 mg/dL raises cardiovascular risk, above 180 mg/dL matches familial hypercholesterolaemia, a review 57 years after Lp(a) discovery (Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2020)
- Antisense drug IONIS-APO(a)-LRX cuts Lp(a) by 90% in a phase 2 trial, a review of Lp(a) and atherosclerotic disease (Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2019)
- Antisense drug AKCEA-APO(a)-LRx cuts Lp(a) by up to 80% as a phase 3 outcomes trial is planned, a review of antisense oligonucleotides for Lp(a) (Curr Atheroscler Rep 2019)
- Antisense therapy could push Lp(a) below the 30-50 mg/dL risk threshold, a review of Lp(a) mechanisms and emerging therapeutics (Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2018)
- Lp(a) varies by more than 25% at some point in 40% of placebo patients in antisense trials, a temporal variability study of 52 subjects (J Clin Lipidol 2018)
- Apheresis lowers Lp(a) by over 60%, while a phase 1 antisense drug reaches 88.8%, a review of Lp(a)-lowering options (Atheroscler Suppl 2017)
- Elevated Lp(a) above 50 mg/dL affects 1 in 5 people worldwide, a review of modern genomic insights into Lp(a) (Curr Opin Lipidol 2017)
- Apheresis remains the only option for very high Lp(a) since no drug lowers it without affecting other lipids, a review of Lp(a)-lowering treatments (Curr Med Chem 2017)
- Antisense drug IONIS-APO(a)Rx cuts Lp(a) by about 80%, a review of apolipoprotein(a) antisense oligonucleotides (Curr Pharm Des 2017)
- Lp(a)-lowering therapies range from 20% modest to 80% dramatic reductions, a review of emerging options for cardiovascular prevention (Curr Atheroscler Rep 2016)
- Elevated Lp(a) above 30 mg/dL affects 20-30% of the global population, a review of emerging Lp(a)-lowering therapies (Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2016)
- Apheresis cuts cardiovascular events by more than 80% in patients with elevated Lp(a), a review of lipoprotein apheresis and its future alongside PCSK9 inhibitors and antisense drugs (Med Devices (Auckl) 2016)
- Apheresis remains the only proven Lp(a)-lowering therapy in Europe, cutting levels by 60-70% per session, a review of current treatment options (Atheroscler Suppl 2015)
- Lipoprotein apheresis: From familial hypercholesterolemia and elevated lipoprotein(a) to emerging roles in peripheral arterial and renal disease
- Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets of RNA-Based and Traditional Lipid-Lowering Agents in Residual Cardiovascular Risk: A Scoping Review of Key Directions Towards Future Perspectives
- From niacin to oral small molecules, review maps every strategy for lowering Lp(a) (J Clin Med 2026)
- Lp(a) rises as kidney function declines, adding unaddressed cardiovascular risk in CKD, review (Cardiorenal Med 2026)
- A pharmacology review surveys the antisense, siRNA and small-molecule agents advancing Lp(a) therapy beyond LDL pathways (J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2025)
- Lp(a)-targeted RNA therapies cut levels by 80-100%, but outcome data are still pending, Korean review (Korean Circ J 2026)
- Lp(a) as a multisystem risk factor beyond the heart, and what RNA-based therapies could mean for renal, autoimmune and neurological disease, review argues (Life Sci 2025)
- Lp(a) tracks with PAD incidence and limb-threatening ischaemia severity, but whether lowering it helps patients remains untested, review finds (Curr Opin Lipidol 2025)
- From niacin's 20% cut to apo(a)-targeted drugs' 80% reduction, a mini review maps the full spectrum of Lp(a)-lowering options (J Clin Med Res 2025)
- Review maps twelve active Lp(a)-lowering drug trials, including three phase 3 outcome studies, still awaiting proof of cardiovascular benefit (Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent) 2025)
- Review explains why statins raise Lp(a) by 10-20% while PCSK9 inhibitors and inclisiran lower it, ahead of dedicated Lp(a) drugs (Rev Cardiovasc Med 2024)
- Review surveys Lp(a)'s biochemistry, disease associations, and the emerging case for pharmacological Lp(a) reduction (J Clin Med 2024)
- Review traces Lp(a) research from Kare Berg's 1963 discovery to five emerging Lp(a)-lowering agents now in trials (Curr Probl Cardiol 2024)
- Review surveys Lp(a) as a risk-enhancing factor and aortic stenosis driver as ASO and siRNA therapies enter phase 3 (Am J Prev Cardiol 2024)
- Review updates on four RNAi drugs that cut Lp(a) by more than 80%, now entering phase 3 outcome trials (Curr Opin Cardiol 2024)
- Review takes stock of Lp(a)'s role in atherosclerosis and thrombosis while highlighting muvalaplin's oral-inhibitor promise (Int J Mol Sci 2024)
- Review surveys the full Lp(a)-lowering toolkit, from statins and PCSK9 inhibitors to apheresis, CETP inhibitors and RNA-based agents (Life (Basel) 2024)
- Antisense and siRNA therapies have reopened the decades-long question of Lp(a)'s causal role, while US, Canadian and European testing guidance still diverges, review finds (Cardiol Rev 2025)
- Review asks whether RNA therapeutics can finally deliver effective Lp(a) lowering where prior drug classes failed (Cardiol Ther 2024)
- OCEAN(a)-DOSE shows dose-dependent Lp(a) lowering with olpasiran every 12 weeks, part of a broader review of siRNA therapies for dyslipidaemia (Curr Atheroscler Rep 2023)
- Lp(a) is moving from a passive risk marker to an active therapeutic target in acute coronary syndromes, as ASOs and siRNAs enter phase 3, a review (Curr Pharm Des 2023)
- About 20% of Europeans have elevated Lp(a) that current lipid drugs cannot adequately lower, but four RNA-based agents in trials could close that gap, a review (Pharmaceuticals 2022)
- Pelacarsen, olpasiran and SLN360 headline a wave of recent Lp(a)-lowering RNA trials, with outcomes data the next frontier, a review (Curr Opin Lipidol 2022)
- Should children with high Lp(a) be treated with ASOs or siRNAs? A Dutch review argues yes, but only for those at highest cardiovascular risk (Expert Opin Pharmacother 2022)
- PCSK9 inhibitors modestly lower Lp(a) with cardiovascular benefit independent of LDL-C, while apheresis remains the most effective option, a review of modern approaches (Biomedicines 2021)
- No FDA-approved drug specifically lowers Lp(a) yet, but pelacarsen could change that, a clinical pharmacology review (Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2022)
- Apheresis remains the most effective Lp(a) treatment while antisense oligonucleotides show promise in phase 2 trials, a review from physiopathology to therapy (Biomedicines 2021)
- As Lp(a)-lowering drugs enter outcome trials, should everyone be screened? A review by a leading cardiologist weighs the case (Curr Cardiol Rep 2021)
- APO(a)LRx leads the field of antisense oligonucleotides targeting Lp(a)-driven residual cardiovascular risk, a review (J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021)
- Statins, fibrates and bile acid sequestrants fail to lower Lp(a), leaving newer ASOs, CETP and PCSK9 inhibitors as the most effective options, a review (Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2021)
- Genotyping for Lp(a)-raising variants adds little beyond simply measuring Lp(a) itself, a review of contemporary genetics and clinical use (Curr Opin Cardiol 2021)
- PCSK9 inhibitors and second-generation antisense oligonucleotides can now effectively lower Lp(a), though guidelines still stop short of recommending direct reduction, a review (Chonnam Med J 2021)
- PCSK9 inhibitors are the only current lipid drugs that both lower Lp(a) and reduce cardiovascular events, while niacin and CETP inhibitors fall short, a review (Vasc Health Risk Manag 2021)
- PCSK9 inhibitors remain the only drugs proven to reduce cardiovascular events partly via Lp(a), as gene-based therapies emerge, a review from pathophysiology to treatment (Ann Med 2020)
- Antisense apo(a) inhibitors could pair with statins for patients with both high Lp(a) and high LDL, as phase 3 data approaches, a review (Eur J Intern Med 2020)
- Testing and emerging RNA-targeted therapies for Lp(a), a review of the case for population risk screening (Cardiol Rev 2020)
- Lp(a) levels above 300 mg/L significantly raise cardiovascular risk, a review of Lp(a) structure, metabolism and emerging therapies (J Lipids 2020)
- Emerging apo(a)-targeted therapies could transform Lp(a) management, a review of Lp(a)'s role in preventive cardiology (Curr Opin Cardiol 2019)
- Lp(a) is shifting from a mere biomarker to a potential therapeutic target, a review of the evidence since its 1963 discovery (J Atheroscler Thromb 2019)
- Whether lowering Lp(a) on top of statins reduces cardiovascular risk remains unproven, a review of PCSK9 inhibitors and antisense drugs (Curr Atheroscler Rep 2019)
- Lp(a) clinical utility remains undefined despite mounting evidence for its causal role in atherosclerosis and aortic valve disease, a review of remaining questions (Curr Opin Lipidol 2018)
- The Lp(a) hypothesis awaits its first clinical trial test, unlike the LDL hypothesis, a review of Lp(a) and cardiovascular disease (Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 2018)
- Lp(a) re-emerges as a major cardiology focus more than 50 years after its discovery, a review for preventive cardiology (Prog Lipid Res 2017)
- Lp(a)-lowering therapies remain limited despite proven links to residual cardiovascular risk, aortic stenosis and peripheral arterial disease, a review (Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med 2017)
- Diet and lifestyle barely affect genetically determined Lp(a), but new drugs finally can, a review of future directions for Lp(a) treatment (Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2016)
- Guidelines recommend Lp(a) screening but treatment options remain scarce, a review of Lp(a) as an independent cardiovascular risk marker (Clin Diabetes Endocrinol 2016)
- Proving Lp(a) lowering improves cardiovascular outcomes remains the field's next urgent challenge, a Dutch review of current Lp(a) therapies (J Lipid Res 2016)
- Numerous drugs developed for other lipid targets also lower Lp(a), but their clinical role remains undetermined, a review of the evolving Lp(a) therapeutic landscape (Curr Atheroscler Rep 2015)
- New drugs like apoB antisense, MTP and CETP inhibitors could finally test whether lowering Lp(a) helps, a review on when to measure Lp(a) (Eur Heart J 2013)
- Lp(a)-targeted siRNAs and ASOs show promise in phase 2, review of residual cardiovascular risk (Cureus 2026)
Video and podcasts
AHA 2025: Lp(a) and ASCVD, translating causal evidence into practice (Michelle O'Donoghue)
ACC.25: ALPACA, lepodisiran keeps Lp(a) down for 540 days after a single dose (Steven Nissen)
AHA 2024: ALPACAR, zerlasiran in adults with elevated Lp(a) at high ASCVD risk (Steven Nissen)
AHA 2023: lepodisiran, an extended-duration siRNA against Lp(a) (Steven Nissen with CardioNerds)
AHA 2022: OCEAN(a)-DOSE, olpasiran cuts Lp(a) by more than 95 percent (Michelle O'Donoghue with CardioNerds)
