Familial hypercholesterolaemia and children 108 items
Lp(a) in FH cohorts and clinics, Lp(a) cholesterol inflating LDL-C, mutation-negative 'FH' explained by Lp(a), and paediatric measurement.
Studies
- KRAKEN: oral muvalaplin lowers Lp(a) by 82 to 86 percent on an intact-particle assay (Nicholls et al., JAMA 2025)
- Lp(a) as a cardiovascular risk factor: the first EAS consensus panel (Nordestgaard et al., EHJ 2010)
- NLA focused update 2024: measure Lp(a) at least once in every adult, with three risk bands (Koschinsky et al., J Clin Lipidol 2024)
- Lp(a) as a cause of cardiovascular disease: epidemiology, genetics and biology (Nordestgaard and Langsted, J Lipid Res 2016)
- High Lp(a) as a possible cause of clinical familial hypercholesterolaemia (Langsted et al., Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2016)
- Lp(a) predicts cardiovascular disease in familial hypercholesterolaemia independent of the LDLR mutation: SAFEHEART (Alonso et al., JACC 2014)
- Obicetrapib lowers Lp(a) by 37 percent (15 nmol/L) in high-risk patients: pooled analysis (Nicholls et al., EHJ 2026)
- The Brussels International Declaration on Lp(a) testing and management (Kronenberg et al., Atherosclerosis 2025)
- Lp(a) in children with suspected familial hypercholesterolaemia (de Boer et al., EHJ 2023)
- HEART UK consensus statement on Lp(a): a call to action (Cegla et al., Atherosclerosis 2019)
- Efficacy and Safety of Oral PCSK9 Inhibitor Enlicitide in Adults With Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia: A Randomized Clinical Trial
- Impact of Obicetrapib on Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in High-Risk Patients: A Pooled Analysis
- REFERCHOL study of 2,979 heterozygous FH patients finds extreme Lp(a) confers cardiovascular risk equivalent to secondary prevention (J Clin Lipidol 2025)
- Lp(a) drives progressive carotid wall thickening in children with familial hypercholesterolaemia followed 20 years into adulthood, a Dutch cohort of 200 (Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2023)
- High Lp(a) in youth (ages 9-24) doubles the risk of adult cardiovascular disease decades later, pooled data from the Young Finns Study and Bogalusa Heart Study (Circulation 2023)
- Lp(a) of 180 mg/dL carries the same heart attack risk as genetically diagnosed familial hypercholesterolaemia, in 69,644 Danes followed 42 years (J Am Coll Cardiol 2022)
- Familial hypercholesterolaemia patients face nearly 4-fold higher risk of needing aortic valve replacement, driven partly by elevated Lp(a), in 5,022 SAFEHEART participants (Eur Heart J 2021)
- Familial hypercholesterolaemia does not cause elevated Lp(a); instead, high Lp(a) makes FH more likely to be diagnosed, an analysis of 37,877 people (J Am Coll Cardiol 2020)
- Testing for Lp(a) during FH cascade screening finds new high-Lp(a) relatives and quadruples cardiovascular risk when both are present, SAFEHEART study of 2,927 relatives (J Am Coll Cardiol 2019)
- Mipomersen cuts Lp(a) by 26% across diverse hypercholesterolaemia populations, a pooled analysis of 4 phase 3 trials and 382 patients (Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015)
- Lp(a) fluctuates substantially in youth with type 1 diabetes, challenging the single-lifetime-measurement paradigm, 286-patient cohort (Cardiovasc Diabetol 2026)
- Cascade screening for elevated Lp(a) in relatives of children who visited the pediatric lipid clinic: yield of daily clinical practice
- Children with parental heart disease have Lp(a) 7-10 mg/dL higher, meta-analysis of fifty-one pediatric studies (Postgrad Med 2026)
- Elevated Lp(a) more than doubles arterial stroke risk in children and youth, meta-analysis of 9,923 young patients finds (J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2025)
- Smoking, high Lp(a) and heavy cumulative LDL-C exposure together push coronary disease risk to 85.7% in heterozygous FH (J Atheroscler Thromb 2025)
- Lp(a) is not elevated in familial hypercholesterolaemia and is metabolically independent of LDL-C, in 256 FH patients and 272 controls (CJC Open 2024)
- Elevated Lp(a) is already present by age 5 and remains largely unmodifiable by lifestyle or lipid drugs, a review by a leading Lp(a) assay expert (Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2023)
- Alirocumab and evolocumab cut Lp(a) by about 20% in familial hypercholesterolaemia, a meta-analysis of 11 RCTs and 2,408 patients (Endokrynol Pol 2023)
- Correcting LDL-C for genetically estimated Lp(a) reclassifies up to 9% of suspected FH patients as unlikely FH, in 1,504 Dutch referrals (Atherosclerosis 2023)
- Lp(a) rises 22-43% from childhood to adulthood depending on lipid-lowering treatment, with 70% intra-individual variation, in 2,740 Dutch children (Atherosclerosis 2022)
- Cascade testing for FH finds a new case of elevated Lp(a) for every 2.1-2.4 relatives tested, a review proposing a combined FH-Lp(a) care model (Front Genet 2022)
- Cascade testing for both FH and elevated Lp(a) uncovers a new case of either every 1.5-2.1 relatives tested, in 162 family members (Atherosclerosis 2022)
- Alirocumab LDL-C and Lp(a)-lowering effects are discordant in 21.5% of patients, suggesting separate clearance pathways, a pooled analysis of 1,709 patients across 10 ODYSSEY phase 3 trials (Eur J Prev Cardiol 2021)
- Higher Lp(a) predicts cardiovascular events in 393 Chinese patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia despite statin treatment (Atherosclerosis 2019)
- An estimated 5 million people with familial hypercholesterolaemia worldwide have Lp(a) high enough to double aortic valve calcification risk, a review (Atherosclerosis 2019)
- Lp(a) predicts early-onset cardiovascular disease in families better than LDL cholesterol, a study of 129 children with familial hypercholesterolaemia (J Clin Lipidol 2018)
- Combining PCSK9 inhibitors with apo(a) antisense therapy may best address residual risk in the 1 in 3 FH patients with high Lp(a), a review (Eur Heart J 2017)
- Lp(a) and familial hypercholesterolaemia together predict early, severe coronary disease, a Chinese angiography cohort of 8050 patients (Atherosclerosis 2017)
- Homozygous autosomal dominant hypercholesterolaemia doubles Lp(a) levels compared to heterozygous carriers, a Dutch study of 119 individuals (J Clin Lipidol 2017)
- PCSK9 and Lp(a) levels independently predict coronary calcium buildup in statin-treated FH patients, a study of 161 patients (Atherosclerosis 2016)
- High familial Lp(a) impairs blood vessel function in children, an effect blunted by early dietary intervention, the Finnish STRIP study at age 11 (J Pediatr 2015)
- Homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia nearly doubles Lp(a) compared to heterozygotes, showing a clear LDL receptor gene-dose effect, a study of 69 family members (Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2000)
- 1 in 5 children with suspected FH have Lp(a) 105 nmol/L or more, Japanese pediatric screening cohort of 97 (J Atheroscler Thromb 2026)
- Clinical risk factors cannot distinguish FH from elevated Lp(a), 378-patient lipid clinic study argues for universal genetic and Lp(a) testing (J Clin Lipidol 2026)
- First nmol/L-standardised Lp(a) distribution in Japanese patients proposes 25 and 125 nmol/L risk thresholds, LEAP study (J Atheroscler Thromb 2026)
- Lipoprotein(a) levels in children with hypercholesterolemia
- Lp(a) independently predicts premature coronary disease 5-fold regardless of PCSK9, Malaysian cohort of 204 (Sci Rep 2026)
- Lp(a) rises after 50 in women and 60 in men, Polish reference study of 1,046 adults and 276 children (Biochem Med Zagreb 2026)
- Over 30% of screened Portuguese children have intermediate or high Lp(a), real-world pediatric study finds (Clin Exp Pediatr 2025)
- About 1 in 5 children with new-onset diabetes has abnormal Lp(a), and levels can fluctuate within months, challenging the 'measure once' assumption (J Endocr Soc 2025)
- A lifespan review traces Lp(a)'s clinical relevance from early vascular dysfunction markers in children to MI, stroke and valve disease in adults (J Clin Med 2025)
- Lp(a) affects up to a quarter of the world's population and carries FH-comparable risk, review argues for universal adult screening and selective pediatric testing (Am J Prev Cardiol 2025)
- Survey of 1,001 people with elevated Lp(a) finds most share results with family, but decision regret shapes whether they test their children (J Clin Lipidol 2025)
- Corneal arcus and thick Achilles tendons flag elevated Lp(a) and higher MACE risk in 484 patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia (J Clin Lipidol 2025)
- In 195 children already followed for cardiovascular risk factors, 17% had elevated Lp(a) despite normal LDL cholesterol (Ital J Pediatr 2024)
- Familial hypercholesterolaemia, not familial hypobetalipoproteinaemia, is linked to higher Lp(a) in a study of 1,153 subjects with genetically extreme LDL (Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2025)
- Girls with genetic FH have 45% higher baseline Lp(a) than boys, a sex gap that persists over nearly nine years of follow-up (Atheroscler Plus 2024)
- German LIFE Child cohort finds Lp(a) is unrelated to BMI, age or sex in 512 children, and stays stable in 94% on repeat testing (Pediatr Res 2024)
- Lp(a) falls as triglycerides rise above 300 mg/dL, but only without diabetes, obesity or familial hypercholesterolaemia, in 5,275 Spanish lipid-clinic patients (Clin Investig Arterioscler 2024)
- Coronary microvascular dysfunction is five times more common in asymptomatic people with high Lp(a), with or without familial hypercholesterolaemia (Atherosclerosis 2024)
- Lp(a) does not predict carotid intima-media thickness over 20 years in 88 children without familial hypercholesterolaemia (J Clin Lipidol 2024)
- Cascade testing for Lp(a) yields 4x more elevated cases when starting from FH index patients who also have high Lp(a), in 103 children and adolescents (J Clin Lipidol 2024)
- Sixty years after its discovery, Lp(a) still lacks a standardised assay, an approved lowering drug, or unified paediatric guidance, a review (Cells 2023)
- Lp(a) reaches adult levels by age 2 and stays stable for life, supporting a single universal screening test in youth aged 9-11 or 17-21, a review (Curr Atheroscler Rep 2023)
- Lp(a) evidence in children lags far behind adults, but early testing could still guide family-based cardiovascular prevention, a review (Biomedicines 2023)
- A single apheresis session immediately clears over 60% of atherogenic apoB particles, remaining the mainstay treatment for FH and elevated Lp(a), a review (Curr Atheroscler Rep 2023)
- Elevated Lp(a) is linked to a roughly fourfold higher risk of ischaemic stroke and thrombosis in children, though screening guidelines remain inconsistent, a review (Curr Atheroscler Rep 2023)
- Elevated Lp(a) triples myocardial infarction risk in young patients, a systematic review of 9 studies screened from 334 (Int J Mol Sci 2023)
- Lp(a) is higher in children with homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia than heterozygous FH or unaffected children, a Dutch cross-sectional study of 232 children (J Clin Lipidol 2023)
- About 20% of people have elevated Lp(a) above 50 mg/dL, and a meaningful share also have familial hypercholesterolaemia, a review of this dual risk (Metabolites 2022)
- Children with FH and Lp(a) above 30 mg/dL are nearly twice as likely to have family history of premature cardiovascular disease, LIPIGEN paediatric data on 653 children (Atherosclerosis 2022)
- Familial hypercholesterolaemia doubles cardiovascular risk when Lp(a) is also elevated, making cascade screening a key opportunity to catch both, a review (Curr Atheroscler Rep 2022)
- Up to a quarter of familial hypercholesterolaemia diagnoses are actually driven by high Lp(a), not LDL cholesterol itself, a review argues for updating diagnostic criteria (Curr Atheroscler Rep 2022)
- Lp(a) is highest in APOB-dependent familial hypercholesterolaemia, 36.5 mg/dL, versus 21.9 mg/dL in the LDLR-dependent form, a Spanish study of 2,419 people (Atherosclerosis 2022)
- About 20% of people have elevated Lp(a), yet guidelines diverge sharply on how to manage it, and youth recommendations barely exist, a review (Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2021)
- Lp(a)-derived cholesterol inflates LDL-C readings in 30-50% of familial hypercholesterolaemia patients, complicating diagnosis, a review (Curr Opin Lipidol 2020)
- APO(a)Lrx (pelacarsen) can cut Lp(a) by up to 80%, far surpassing PCSK9 inhibitors, in patients where Lp(a) explains 5-20% of suspected FH diagnoses, a review (J Clin Med 2020)
- Elevated Lp(a) affects 30-50% of familial hypercholesterolaemia patients, compounding their inherited cardiovascular risk, a review of emerging RNA-based therapy (J Intern Med 2020)
- Lp(a) correlates with PCSK9 levels only in patients with the low molecular weight apo(a) phenotype, a study of 205 patients with suspected familial hypercholesterolaemia (Atherosclerosis 2018)
- Lp(a)-lowering therapies cut levels by 25-30% in familial hypercholesterolaemia, though clinical benefit is unproven, a review (Curr Pharm Des 2018)
- Lp(a) does not predict carotid plaque in statin-treated familial hypercholesterolaemia, a Dutch study of 191 patients (Atherosclerosis 2015)
- Lp(a) fully expresses by age 2, but guidelines only recommend testing children after stroke, a review of Lp(a) in pediatrics (J Clin Lipidol 2015)
- Distribution of Lipoprotein(a) concentrations in children and young people with Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH) compared to those without FH: A systematic review and narrative synthesis
- Lipoprotein apheresis: From familial hypercholesterolemia and elevated lipoprotein(a) to emerging roles in peripheral arterial and renal disease
- From Phenotype to Genotype and Beyond: Insights into Familial Hypercholesterolemia and Familial Hypertriglyceridemia
- Improved diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolemia by correcting LDL-C for lipoprotein(a) in a German cohort
- Polygenic risk scores and Lp(a) extend genetic risk stratification beyond monogenic hypercholesterolaemia, review (Genes Basel 2026)
- Lipoprotein(a) in familial hypercholesterolemia
- Children with Prader-Willi syndrome have markedly higher Lp(a) and hs-CRP than controls, with the deletion genetic subtype most affected, 32-patient study finds (J Endocr Soc 2025)
- Twenty-year follow-up of Dutch familial hypercholesterolaemia cohort finds no link between Lp(a) and arterial stiffness (J Clin Med 2025)
- A nine-miRNA signature links high Lp(a) to coronary calcification through inflammation and lipid pathways in 24 SAFEHEART FH patients (Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2025)
- Narrative review traces Lp(a)'s pediatric research history from stroke risk marker to a proposed early-life therapeutic target (Int J Mol Sci 2024)
- Amsterdam UMC case-control study finds Lp(a) above 50 mg/dL is nearly seven times more common in children with ischaemic stroke (Pediatr Blood Cancer 2024)
- Lipoprotein(a) correlates with DNA damage in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia, with an ASCVD-relevant cut-off of 23.45 nmol/L (Sci Rep 2024)
- Should children with high Lp(a) be treated with ASOs or siRNAs? A Dutch review argues yes, but only for those at highest cardiovascular risk (Expert Opin Pharmacother 2022)
- Growth hormone treatment may raise Lp(a) and explain reported cardiovascular morbidity in treated children, a hypothesis piece (Growth Horm IGF Res 2022)
- Is Lp(a) a real risk multiplier in familial hypercholesterolaemia, or just along for the ride? A review calls for direct drug-based proof (Curr Opin Lipidol 2022)
- Despite decades of study, how the liver assembles and clears Lp(a) remains only partly understood, a comprehensive metabolism review (Atherosclerosis 2022)
- Whether Lp(a)-raising gene variants add predictive value beyond Lp(a) concentration itself remains controversial, a review of a decade of advances (Pharmacol Res 2021)
- Low-cost lifestyle coaching, not just costly drugs, could help manage cardiovascular risk in people with elevated Lp(a), a review of behavioural approaches (Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2021)
- LDL-C measurements can misclassify familial hypercholesterolaemia when Lp(a)-cholesterol inflates the reading, a short laboratory-focused review (Cardiol Res 2020)
- Lp(a) is higher in familial hypercholesterolaemia patients who develop early heart disease than those who don't, a Norwegian comparison study (Atherosclerosis 2011)
- Lp(a) tracks with coronary disease in women but not men in a 220-patient hypercholesterolaemia cohort (Atheroscler Plus 2026)
- Doubling evolocumab frequency cuts Lp(a) 34.7% but leaves it markedly elevated, FH case report (Cureus 2026)
- The LPA rs10455872 genotype does not predict childhood obesity itself, but tracks with insulin, CRP and vitamin B12 differences within obese children, exploratory study finds (Diagnostics (Basel) 2025)
- Case report: a 2-year-old with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis had both iron deficiency anaemia and high Lp(a) (Front Pediatr 2025)
- Case report: an 11-year-old girl's sudden retinal artery occlusion was linked to elevated Lp(a) and high factor VIII (Cureus 2024)
- Monozygotic twins with homozygous FH and Lp(a) above 270 nmol/L develop nearly identical coronary disease at the same age, the first such case report (Turk Kardiyol Dern Ars 2020)