Testing
Only 212 Lp(a) tests were run per year across a nationwide Pakistani lab network, yet 37.2% of results exceeded 30 mg/dL (Glob Cardiol Sci Pract 2024)
Original title: Frequency of lipoprotein(a) testing and its levels in Pakistani population
This observational study analysed five years (June 2015 to October 2020) of Lp(a) and lipid profile data from a countrywide Pakistani diagnostic laboratory network. Over the five years, only 1,060 Lp(a) tests were conducted, averaging 212 per year, of which 37.2% showed levels at or above 30 mg/dL. No significant sex difference in Lp(a) was observed, but younger individuals had significantly higher levels, and Lp(a) correlated only weakly with other lipid variables. Despite Lp(a)'s recognised role as an ASCVD risk factor, only a small fraction of the Pakistani population underwent testing over this period, while a substantial proportion of those tested exceeded the elevated threshold, highlighting both under-testing and a considerable undetected burden of elevated Lp(a) in this population.
Original abstract
Background: Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a highly atherogenic particle identified as an independent risk factor for the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). This study aimed to investigate the frequency of Lp(a) testing and the incidence of elevated Lp(a) levels in the Pakistani population.
Methods: For this observational study, Lp(a) and lipid profile data from five years (June 2015 to October 2020) were acquired from the electronic patient records of a diagnostic laboratory with a countrywide network. The association of age and total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), non-HDL, and triglyceride (TG) levels with two thresholds for Lp(a), that is, <30 mg/dL and ≥30 mg/dL, was calculated using the Kruskal-Wallis test, while the association between Lp(a) levels and lipid variables was calculated using Spearman correlation.
Results: For five years, 1060 tests were conducted, averaging 212 tests per year. Of these, 37.2% showed Lp(a) levels above 30 mg/dL. No significant differences were observed in the results between males and females. However, younger individuals displayed significantly higher Lp(a) levels. Additionally, there was only a weak correlation between the Lp(a) levels and other lipid variables.
Conclusion: Despite being recognized as a risk factor for ASCVD in the Pakistani population, only a small proportion of the large population underwent Lp(a) testing. Moreover, a significant proportion of the population exceeded this threshold.
Summary written by lp-a.org from the published abstract; figures as published. Page updated 18 August 2026. Methods.