Aortic stenosis
Lp(a) risk is independent of every other lipid marker, but treatment options remain scarce, a residual-risk update (Am J Cardiol 2020)
Original title: Lipoprotein (a): An Update on a Marker of Residual Risk and Associated Clinical Manifestations
This review by Shah, Pajidipati, McGarrah, Navar, Vemulapalli, Blazing, Shah, Hernandez and Patel updates the evidence on Lp(a) as a marker of residual cardiovascular risk. Multiple epidemiological and Mendelian randomisation studies show increasing Lp(a) is associated with higher risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and calcific aortic stenosis, independent of other lipid markers. While current treatment options for elevated Lp(a) remain limited, the authors highlight promising new therapies under development that have renewed clinical interest in Lp(a), and provide an overview of its biology, epidemiology, available outcome studies, and future therapeutic directions.
Original abstract
Lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] is a low-density, cholesterol-containing lipoprotein that differs from other low-density lipoproteins due to the presence of apolipoprotein(a) bound to its surface apolipoprotein B100. Multiple epidemiologic studies, including Mendelian Randomization studies, have demonstrated that increasing Lp(a) levels are associated with increased risk of heart disease, including atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and calcific aortic stenosis. The risk associated with elevations in Lp(a) appears to be independent of other lipid markers. While the current treatment options for elevated Lp(a) are limited, promising new therapies are under development, leading to renewed interest in Lp(a). This review provides an overview of the biology and epidemiology of Lp(a), available outcome studies, and insights into future therapies.
aortic stenosisgeneticsrisk prediction
Summary written by lp-a.org from the published abstract; figures as published. Page updated 18 August 2026. Methods.