Lipoprotein apheresis transiently depletes very-long-chain fatty acids for at least 7 days, with lasting effects after a year of regular treatment, in 28 patients (J Clin Lipidol 2024)

Original title: Fatty acid analysis in serum of patients with elevated lipoprotein(a) and cardiovascular disease undergoing lipoprotein apheresis

J Clin Lipidol · 28 November 2023 · 5

Mickiewicz A, Marlęga-Linert J, Czapiewska M, Marcinkowska M, Krzesińska A, Kuchta A, Fijałkowski M, Gruchała M, Mika A

In a prospective study of 28 patients undergoing lipoprotein apheresis (LA) at the Medical University of Gdansk, Poland, serum fatty acid composition was analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry before, immediately after, and 7 and 14 days after LA. Very-long-chain fatty acids and very-long-chain monounsaturated fatty acids fell by 57% and remained low 7 days after LA (P=0.027 and P<0.001 respectively), returning towards baseline by 14 days, while total and anteiso branched-chain fatty acids rose acutely (P=0.004 and P=0.012). After 1 year of regular LA, patients showed a substantial decrease in very-long-chain monounsaturated fatty acids and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. The findings describe transient and cumulative effects of LA on the serum fatty acid profile alongside its established Lp(a)- and LDL-C-lowering action.

Original abstract

Background: Lipoprotein apheresis (LA) is an extracorporeal treatment that transiently reduces lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] by 60% and leads to an 80-92% reduction in major adverse cardiovascular events. LA has a significant impact on lipid profile in serum of patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

Objective: To investigate the effects of LA on the composition of serum fatty acids (FAs), focusing on those which could have an impact on cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Methods: This is a prospective study in the First Department of Cardiology of the Medical University of Gdansk, Poland. Serum samples were collected from 28 patients before LA, just after the procedure, and 7 days after LA. Additionally, in a smaller group of patients, the samples were collected after a second tour of LA (2 weeks later), as well as after 1 year from the first procedure. The serum FA profile was analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Results: After the LA procedure, a substantial change in serum FA composition along with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and Lp(a) decrease were observed 7 days after procedure, but these parameters returned to the values similar to those before procedure after 14 days. Very long-chain FAs (VLCFAs) and very long-chain monounsaturated FAs (VLC-MUFAs) were eluted at 57% and remained low even 7 days after LA (p=0.027 and p < 0.001, respectively). We also observed an increase in the percentage of total branched-chain FAs (BCFAs) (p=0.004) and anteiso BCFAs (p=0.012) after LA. After 1 year of regular LA, a substantial decrease in serum VLC-MUFAs and n3 polyunsaturated LA (PUFAs) were noted.

Conclusions: Decreased VLCFAs and VLC-MUFAs involved in CVD development remained low even 7 days after LA. An acute increase in the levels of anti-inflammatory BCFAs was observed. In turn long-term regular administration of LA substantially decreased VLC-MUFA and n3 PUFA.

Summary written by lp-a.org from the published abstract; figures as published. Page updated 18 August 2026. Methods.